鼓舞

Chinese

	convex; drum; to rouse convex; drum; to rouse; to beat	to dance; to wield; to brandish
trad. (鼓舞)	鼓	舞
simp. ^#(鼓舞)	鼓	舞
2nd round simp.	壴午

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔwǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² mou⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kú-vú
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-bú

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou² bhu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔwǔ [Phonetic: gúwǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔwǔ
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-wu³
  - Yale: gǔ-wǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuwuu
  - Palladius: гуу (guu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gu² mou⁵
  - Yale: gú móuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu² mou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu² mou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ mou̯¹³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    鈷鉧 / 钴𬭁
    鼓舞
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-vú
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˋ vu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu³ vu³
  - Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ vu³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-bú
  - Tâi-lô: kóo-bú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofbuo
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bu⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou² bhu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu bú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou⁵²⁻³⁵ bu⁵²⁻²¹/

Middle Chinese: kuX mjuX

Rime
Character	鼓	舞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	公戸切	文甫切
Baxter	kuX	mjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo^X/	/mɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo^X/	/mio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ko^X/	/mio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ^X/	/muə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ko^X/	/mio^X/
Wang Li	/ku^X/	/mĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo^X/	/mi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǔ	wǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu²	mou⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaʔ k.m(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːʔ maʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鼓	舞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ	wǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ku^X ›	‹ mju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaʔ/	/*k.m(r)aʔ/
English	drum (n. & v.)	dance (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鼓	舞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4337	13126
Phonetic component	鼓	無
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	古	武
Old Chinese	/*kʷaːʔ/	/*maʔ/
Notes	亦同皷

Verb

鼓舞

to inspire; to invigorate; to cheer; to stimulate
(Classical, literally) to play the drums and dance

Synonyms

edit

勉勵 / 勉励 (miǎnlì)
勸 / 劝 (quàn)
勗勉 / 勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
激勵 / 激励 (jīlì)
砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
鼓動 / 鼓动 (gǔdòng)
鼓勵 / 鼓励 (gǔlì)

Adjective

鼓舞

inspiring; invigorating; stimulating

Synonyms

振奮／振奋 (zhènfèn)

Derived terms

歡欣鼓舞 / 欢欣鼓舞 (huānxīngǔwǔ)
鼓舞人心 (gǔwǔrénxīn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鼓舞):

→ Japanese: 鼓舞(こぶ) (kobu)
→ Korean: 고무(鼓舞) (gomu)
→ Vietnamese: cổ vũ (鼓舞)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鼓	舞
こ Grade: S	ぶ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こぶ [kóꜜbù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞bɯ̟]

Noun

鼓(こ)舞(ぶ) • (kobu)

encouragement

Verb

鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)する • (kobu suru) transitive suru (stem 鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)し (kobu shi), past 鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)した (kobu shita))

encourage

Conjugation

Conjugation of "鼓舞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	鼓舞し	こぶし	kobu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	鼓舞し	こぶし	kobu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	鼓舞する	こぶする	kobu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	鼓舞する	こぶする	kobu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	鼓舞すれ	こぶすれ	kobu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	鼓舞せよ¹ 鼓舞しろ²	こぶせよ¹ こぶしろ²	kobu seyo¹ kobu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	鼓舞される	こぶされる	kobu sareru
Causative	鼓舞させる鼓舞さす	こぶさせるこぶさす	kobu saseru kobu sasu
Potential	鼓舞できる	こぶできる	kobu dekiru
Volitional	鼓舞しよう	こぶしよう	kobu shiyō
Negative	鼓舞しない	こぶしない	kobu shinai
Negative continuative	鼓舞せず	こぶせず	kobu sezu
Formal	鼓舞します	こぶします	kobu shimasu
Perfective	鼓舞した	こぶした	kobu shita
Conjunctive	鼓舞して	こぶして	kobu shite
Hypothetical conditional	鼓舞すれば	こぶすれば	kobu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“鼓舞”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
鼓	舞

Noun

鼓舞 • (gomu) (hangeul 고무)

hanja form^? of 고무 (“inspiration; encouragement; cheering; uplifting of the spirit”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
鼓	舞

Verb

鼓舞

chữ Hán form of cổ vũ (“to cheer”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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