馨

See also: 䅽 and 馫

馨	U+99A8, 馨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99A8

← 馧
[U+99A7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

馩 →
[U+99A9]

Translingual

Han character

馨 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+11, 20 strokes, cangjie input 土水竹木日 (GEHDA), four-corner 4760₉, composition ⿱殸香)

fragrant, aromatic

Derived characters

𧅥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1429, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44559
Dae Jaweon: page 1956, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4425, character 8
Unihan data for U+99A8

Chinese

trad.		馨
simp. ^#		馨
alternative forms		䅽馫𡄈𪐕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 馨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (殸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
殸	kʰreːŋ, kʰeːŋs
聲	*qʰjeŋ
謦	kʰeːŋʔ, kʰeːŋs
磬	*kʰeːŋs
罄	*kʰeːŋs
馨	*qʰeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰeːŋ): phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 香 (“sweet”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Why doesn't the Mandarin reading end in -ng?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīn, xīng (xin¹, xing¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ, ㄒㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hing¹
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hin¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): heng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hêng¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹shin / ¹chin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sin
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹
  - Yale: syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
  - Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sing
  - Wade–Giles: hsing¹
  - Yale: syīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
  - Palladius: син (sin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hing¹
  - Yale: hīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hin⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng
  - Tâi-lô: hing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hefng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: heng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ¹shin
  - MiniDict: shin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɕin⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕin³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕiŋ⁵²/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹chin
  - MiniDict: chin^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³⁴/

Middle Chinese: xeng

Rime
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	呼刑切
Baxter	xeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/heŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/heŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/xeŋ/
Wang Li	/xieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hing¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤeŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰeːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ xeng ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁeŋ/
English	fragrance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
No.	10520
Phonetic component	殸
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	馨
Old Chinese	/*qʰeːŋ/

Definitions

馨

(literary) spread out fragrance; fragrant
(literary, figurative) widespread renown and reputation

Compounds

垂馨千祀
寧馨 / 宁馨
寧馨兒 / 宁馨儿
康乃馨 (kāngnǎixīn)
明德惟馨
清馨 (qīngxīn)
溫馨 / 温馨 (wēnxīn)
甘馨之費 / 甘馨之费
素馨 (sùxīn)
芳馨
雲南黃馨 / 云南黄馨
馨逸
馨香 (xīnxiāng)
馨香禱祝 / 馨香祷祝

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04618
“馨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

馨

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)
Kan-on: けい (kei)
Kun: かおる (kaoru, 馨る)

Compounds

素馨(そけい) (sokei): Spanish jasmine

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
馨
かお(る) Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

(Tokyo) かおる [kàórú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ka̠o̞ɾɯ̟]

Proper noun

馨(かおる) • (Kaoru)

a unisex given name

Korean

Hanja

馨 (eumhun 꽃다울 형 (kkotdaul hyeong))
馨 (eumhun 향기 형 (hyanggi hyeong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

馨: Hán Việt readings: hinh^[1]^[2]^[3]
馨: Nôm readings: hanh^[1]^[2]^[4], hênh^[1]^[4]^[5], hang^[4]^[5], hỉnh^[5]

chữ Nôm form of hang (“cave; den”)
chữ Nôm form of hanh (“used in đành hanh (“(of women or children) perverse; obstinate”)”)
chữ Nôm form of hênh (“used in hớ hênh (“(usually of girls or women conducting) immodestly or indiscreetly”)”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Trần (2004).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Hồ (1976).
^ Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Trần (2004).

[btcn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Hồ (1976).

[genibrel-3] Génibrel (1898).

[tdcndg-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

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