颱風
Chinese
| typhoon | wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (颱風/台風*) | 颱/台 | 風 | |
| simp. (台风*) | 台 | 风 | |
| anagram | 風颱/风台 | ||
Etymology
Debated. Various theories include:
- Compound of 颱 (“violent wind”) and 風 (“wind”). The former is a word attested from the eighteenth century.
- Compound of 台 (“Taiwan”) and 風 (“wind”), as most typhoons affecting the southeastern coast of China appear to have originated from the direction of Taiwan.
- Phono-semantic matching of English typhoon, see there for further etymology.
For more on the historical records of typhoons in China, see Louie and Liu (2003).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tai2 fong1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): toi4 fung1
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'tai2 fung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tai1 feng1
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai1 horng1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thai-hong / thai-hoang
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6de-fon1 / 2dae-fon1 / 4de2-fon1 / 2dai-fon1 / 2de4-fon1 / 2de-fon1 / 6de2-fon1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: táifēng → táifeng (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˊ ㄈㄥ → ㄊㄞˊ ˙ㄈㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: táifo̊ng
- Wade–Giles: tʻai2-fêng5
- Yale: tái-feng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tair.feng
- Palladius: тайфэн (tajfɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/ → /tʰaɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ³/
- Homophones:
臺風 / 台风
颱風 / 台风
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: táifēngr
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˊ ㄈㄥㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: táifongr
- Wade–Giles: tʻai2-fêng1-ʼrh
- Yale: tái-fēngr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tairfengl
- Palladius: тайфэнр (tajfɛnr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaɪ̯³⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tai2 fong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: taifung
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai²¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: toi4 fung1
- Yale: tòih fūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: toi4 fung1
- Guangdong Romanization: toi4 fung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔːi̯²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
臺風 / 台风
颱風 / 台风
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòi-fûng
- Hakka Romanization System: toiˇ fungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: toi2 fung1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoi̯¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: toi fungˋ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoi⁵⁵ fuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: toi2 fung1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoɪ¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thai-hong
- Tâi-lô: thai-hong
- Phofsit Daibuun: tai'hofng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thai-hoang
- Tâi-lô: thai-huang
- Phofsit Daibuun: tai'hoafng
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰai³³ huaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6de-fon1
- MiniDict: de去 fon平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3de-fon1
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²² foŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading)
- Wugniu: 2dae-fon1
- MiniDict: dae平 fon平
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /de²² foŋ⁵³/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
- Wugniu: 4de2-fon1
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /de²⁴ ɸoŋ³¹/
- (Northern: Chongming)
- Wugniu: 2dai-fon1
- MiniDict: dai平 fon平
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /dɛ²⁴ foŋ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Chuansha)
- Wugniu: 2de4-fon1
- Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /de²² ɸoŋ²²/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- Wugniu: 2de-fon1
- MiniDict: de平 fon平
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /de²² foŋ³³/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
- Wugniu: 6de2-fon1
- MiniDict: de平 fon平
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /de²² foŋ⁵³/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
Noun
颱風
Usage notes
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 颱風 (“typhoon”) [map]
Derived terms
- 中度颱風 / 中度台风
- 刮颱風 / 刮台风
- 海上颱風警報 / 海上台风警报
- 納莉颱風 / 纳莉台风
- 超級颱風 / 超级台风
- 輕度颱風 / 轻度台风
- 颱風尾 / 台风尾
- 颱風眼 / 台风眼
- 颱風草 / 台风草
- 颱風警報 / 台风警报
Descendants
See also
References
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “15 台风”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 292.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 颱 | 風 |
| たい Hyōgai |
ふう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 颱風 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 颱風, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.) |
References
- “▲颱風”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 颱 | 風 |
Noun
颱風 • (taepung) (hangeul 태풍)