風気
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 風 | 気 |
| かぜ Grade: 2 |
け Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | goon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 風氣 (kyūjitai) |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 風 | 気 |
| かざ Grade: 2 |
け Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | goon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 風氣 (kyūjitai) |
Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind; a cold”, ancient compounding form of modern kaze) + 気 (ke, “feeling”).[1][2]
The kazake reading is first cited to 1152.[1]
The kazeke reading is first cited to the early 1200s.[1]
In modern usage, kazake and kazeke are found in free variation. Some Japanese resources list the relatively older kazake reading as the primary,[1][2] some list the kazeke reading as the primary,[3][4] and some list both without apparent prioritization.[5]
Pronunciation
Adjective
風気 or 風気 • (kazake or kazeke) -na (adnominal 風気な (kazake na), adverbial 風気に (kazake ni))
- poorly, sickly, on the verge of catching a cold
- soon to be windy, seeming as if the wind is about to blow
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 風気だろ | かざけだろ | kazake daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 風気で | かざけで | kazake de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 風気だ | かざけだ | kazake da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 風気な | かざけな | kazake na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 風気なら | かざけなら | kazake nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 風気であれ | かざけであれ | kazake de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 風気ではない 風気じゃない |
かざけではない かざけじゃない |
kazake de wa nai kazake ja nai |
| Informal past | 風気だった | かざけだった | kazake datta |
| Informal negative past | 風気ではなかった 風気じゃなかった |
かざけではなかった かざけじゃなかった |
kazake de wa nakatta kazake ja nakatta |
| Formal | 風気です | かざけです | kazake desu |
| Formal negative | 風気ではありません 風気じゃありません |
かざけではありません かざけじゃありません |
kazake de wa arimasen kazake ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 風気でした | かざけでした | kazake deshita |
| Formal negative past | 風気ではありませんでした 風気じゃありませんでした |
かざけではありませんでした かざけじゃありませんでした |
kazake de wa arimasen deshita kazake ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 風気で | かざけで | kazake de |
| Conditional | 風気なら（ば） | かざけなら（ば） | kazake nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 風気だったら | かざけだったら | kazake dattara |
| Volitional | 風気だろう | かざけだろう | kazake darō |
| Adverbial | 風気に | かざけに | kazake ni |
| Degree | 風気さ | かざけさ | kazakesa |
Noun
風気 or 風気 • (kazake or kazeke)
- a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
- the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 風 | 気 |
| ふう Grade: 2 |
き Grade: 1 |
| goon | kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 風氣 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 風氣 (MC pjuwng khj+jH).
Pronunciation
Noun
風気 • (fūki)
- the wind, air currents
- the climate or weather of an area
- common manners and customs
- Synonym: 風俗 (fūzoku)
- a cold, an illness
- Synonym: 風邪 (kaze)
- an easygoing or even-tempered disposition
- flatus, gas; gaseous bloating
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “風気”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026