頭蓋骨
Chinese
| skull; cranium; red cloth or gauze kerchief for a bride | bone | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (頭蓋骨) | 頭蓋 | 骨 | |
| simp. (头盖骨) | 头盖 | 骨 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tóugàigǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄍㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóugàigǔ
- Wade–Giles: tʻou2-kai4-ku3
- Yale: tóu-gài-gǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourgayguu
- Palladius: тоугайгу (tougajgu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tau4 goi3 gwat1
- Yale: tàuh goi gwāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: tau4 goi3 gwat7
- Guangdong Romanization: teo4 goi3 gued1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɐu̯²¹ kɔːi̯³³ kʷɐt̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
頭蓋骨
Synonyms
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 頭 | 蓋 | 骨 |
| ず Grade: 2 |
がい Grade: S |
こつ Grade: 6 |
| goon | kan'yōon | kan'on |
Compound of 頭蓋 (zugai, “skull, cranium”) + 骨 (kotsu, “bone”).[1][2][3][4]
First attested in a glossary of biological terms from 1884.[1]
This zugaikotsu reading is listed as the canonical pronunciation by some references,[1] while other references list tōgaikotsu as the canonical reading instead.[2][3] Still other other references do not include tōgaikotsu at all, and only list zugaikotsu.[4][5]
This may represent a shift in pronunciation, possibly for disambiguation from the common near-homophone for the first two morae, 当該 (tōgai, “the said, the relevant, the item we are talking about”). The date of any such shift in pronunciation is not clearly indicated in available references.
Pronunciation
Noun
頭蓋骨 • (zugaikotsu) ←づがいこつ (dugaikotu)?
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 頭 | 蓋 | 骨 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
がい Grade: S |
こつ Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | kan'yōon | kan'on |
Compound of 頭蓋 (tōgai, “skull, cranium”) + 骨 (kotsu, “bone”).[1][2][3]
This tōgaikotsu reading is listed as the canonical pronunciation by some references,[2][3] while other references either do not include tōgaikotsu at all,[4][5] or list zugaikotsu as the canonical reading instead.[1]
This may represent a shift in pronunciation, possibly for disambiguation from the common near-homophone for the first two morae, 当該 (tōgai, “the said, the relevant, the item we are talking about”). The date of any such shift in pronunciation is not clearly indicated in available references.
Pronunciation
Noun
頭蓋骨 • (tōgaikotsu) ←とうがいこつ (tougaikotu)?
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “頭蓋骨”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “頭蓋骨”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “頭蓋骨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026