鍛冶

See also: 锻冶

Chinese

forge; wrought; to discipline smelt
trad. (鍛冶) 鍛 冶
simp. (锻冶) 锻 冶

Pronunciation

Verb

鍛冶

  1. to forge and smelt (metal)
  2. (figurative) to steel oneself or to measure one's words

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鍛冶):
  • → Japanese: 鍛(たん)冶(や) (tan'ya)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鍛 冶
かじ
Grade: S Grade: S
jukujikun
Alternative spelling
鍛治

⟨kana uti⟩ → ⟨kanuti⟩ → */kaᶮdi/ → /kad͡ʑi/ → /kaʑi/

Shift from Old Japanese 鍛 (kanuti, modern pronunciation kanuchi, literally “forging, smithing”), equivalent to a compound of 金 (kana, ancient combining form of kane, “metal”) +‎ 打ち (uchi, “striking”).[1][2][3]

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 鍛冶 / 锻冶 (duànyě).

Pronunciation

Noun

鍛冶(かじ) • (kaji) ←かぢ (kadi)?

  1. forging, smithing
    鍛冶(かじ)の神(かみ)、パーフォロス ― Kaji no Kami, Pāforosu ― Purphoros, God of the Forge
  2. a metalsmith, smith
    Synonym: 鍛冶屋 (kajiya)
  3. (historical) short for 鍛冶司 (kaji no tsukasa): the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan
Derived terms
  • 鍛冶(かじ)神(しん) (Kajishin)
  • 鍛冶(かじの)司(つかさ) (kaji no tsukasa)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)屋(や) (kajiya)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)橋(ばし)狩野(かのう) (Kajibashi Kanō, one of the four Kanō schools in the Edo Period, founded by Kanō Tan'yū)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)橋(ばし)門(もん) (Kajibashi Mon, one of the gates in the Edo city walls)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)始(はじ)め (kajihajime, “first smithing work of the year”)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)匠(たくみ) (kajitakumi, “professional smith, master smith”)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)場(ば) (kajiba, “smithy, a forge”)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)炭(ずみ) (kajizumi, “soft charcoal used for smithing”)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)町(ちょう) (Kajichō, placename in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo; from land gifted to noted smiths in the Edo period)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)被(かぶり) (kajikaburi, “cleaning cloth folded in half twice and worn on the head by a smith while working”)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)者(しゃ) (kajisha, “smith”, rare)
  • 鍛冶(かじ)師(し) (kajishi, “smith”)
  • 大(おお)鍛冶(かじ) (ōkaji)
  • 釘(くぎ)鍛冶(かじ) (kugikaji)
  • 鍬(くわ)鍛冶(かじ) (kuwakaji)
  • 小(こ)鍛冶(かじ) (Kokaji)
  • 五(ご)鍛冶(かじ) (Go Kaji)
  • 御(ご)番(ばん)鍛冶(かじ) (goban kaji), 番(ばん)鍛冶(かじ) (ban kaji)
  • 鉄(てっ)砲(ぽう)鍛冶(かじ) (teppō kaji)
  • 野(の)鍛冶(かじ) (nokaji)
  • 大和(やまと)鍛冶(かじ) (Yamato kaji)
Idioms
  • 鍛冶(かじ)の明日(あした)に紺屋(こんや)の明後日(あさって) (kaji no ashita ni kon'ya no asatte, “a smith's tomorrow, but a dyer's day after tomorrow”, metaphor for someone who makes promises easily but always breaks them)

Proper noun

鍛冶(かじ) • (Kaji) ←かぢ (Kadi)?

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鍛 冶
たん
Grade: S 		や
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 鍛冶 (MC twanH yaeX, literally “forge + smelt”).

Compare modern Mandarin 鍛冶 / 锻冶 (duànyě).

Noun

鍛(たん)冶(や) • (tan'ya) 

  1. forging, smithing
  2. a metalsmith, a smith

Verb

鍛(たん)冶(や)する • (tan'ya suru) suru (stem 鍛(たん)冶(や)し (tan'ya shi), past 鍛(たん)冶(や)した (tan'ya shita))

  1. to forge, smith
Conjugation
Conjugation of "鍛冶する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 鍛冶し たんやし tan'ya shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 鍛冶し たんやし tan'ya shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 鍛冶する たんやする tan'ya suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 鍛冶する たんやする tan'ya suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 鍛冶すれ たんやすれ tan'ya sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 鍛冶せよ¹
鍛冶しろ² 		たんやせよ¹
たんやしろ² 		tan'ya seyo¹
tan'ya shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 鍛冶される たんやされる tan'ya sareru
Causative 鍛冶させる
鍛冶さす 		たんやさせる
たんやさす 		tan'ya saseru
tan'ya sasu
Potential 鍛冶できる たんやできる tan'ya dekiru
Volitional 鍛冶しよう たんやしよう tan'ya shiyō
Negative 鍛冶しない たんやしない tan'ya shinai
Negative continuative 鍛冶せず たんやせず tan'ya sezu
Formal 鍛冶します たんやします tan'ya shimasu
Perfective 鍛冶した たんやした tan'ya shita
Conjunctive 鍛冶して たんやして tan'ya shite
Hypothetical conditional 鍛冶すれば たんやすれば tan'ya sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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