酸っぱい
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 酸 |
| す Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
First cited to a text from 1823.[1]
This appears to be a compound of 酸 (su-, stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”), in turn from 酢 (su, “vinegar”)) + っぱい (-ppai, “-ish, having that quality”, suffix entailing negative overtones).[1]
- The suffix -ppai may be related to more neutral suffix っぽい (ppoi, “-ish”).[2][3]
- Alternatively, the suffix may represent a reanalysis of the -ppai ending in adjective 塩っぱい (shoppai, “salty”), where the ending derives from 映ゆい (hayui, “dazzling; very much that quality; too much that quality”). While there are historically attested examples of shoppai evolving from shio + hayushi (the classical form), where しほはゆし (shihohayushi) first appears in the late 1500s,[4] there are no such attestations for the more recent word suppai.[1]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 酸っぱい
| Plain | 酸っぱい | すっぱい | [sùppáꜜì] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 酸っぱくて | すっぱくて | [sùppáꜜkùtè] |
| Continuative | 酸っぱく | すっぱく | [sùppáꜜkù] |
| Negative | 酸っぱくない | すっぱくない | [sùppáꜜkù nàì] |
| Past | 酸っぱかった | すっぱかった | [sùppáꜜkàttà] |
| Negative past | 酸っぱくなかった | すっぱくなかった | [sùppáꜜkù nàkàttà] |
| Conditional | 酸っぱければ | すっぱければ | [sùppáꜜkèrèbà] |
| Terminal | 酸っぱい | すっぱい | [sùppáꜜì] |
| Formal | 酸っぱいです | すっぱいです | [sùppáꜜì dèsù] |
Adjective
酸っぱい • (suppai) -i (adverbial 酸っぱく (suppaku))
- [from 1823] sour
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 酸っぱかろ | すっぱかろ | suppakaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 酸っぱく | すっぱく | suppaku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 酸っぱい | すっぱい | suppai |
| Attributive (連体形) | 酸っぱい | すっぱい | suppai |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 酸っぱけれ | すっぱけれ | suppakere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 酸っぱかれ | すっぱかれ | suppakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 酸っぱくない | すっぱくない | suppaku nai |
| Informal past | 酸っぱかった | すっぱかった | suppakatta |
| Informal negative past | 酸っぱくなかった | すっぱくなかった | suppaku nakatta |
| Formal | 酸っぱいです | すっぱいです | suppai desu |
| Formal negative | 酸っぱくないです | すっぱくないです | suppaku nai desu |
| Formal past | 酸っぱかったです | すっぱかったです | suppakatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 酸っぱくなかったです | すっぱくなかったです | suppaku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 酸っぱくて | すっぱくて | suppakute |
| Conditional | 酸っぱければ | すっぱければ | suppakereba |
| Provisional | 酸っぱかったら | すっぱかったら | suppakattara |
| Volitional | 酸っぱかろう | すっぱかろう | suppakarō |
| Adverbial | 酸っぱく | すっぱく | suppaku |
| Degree | 酸っぱさ | すっぱさ | suppasa |
Related terms
- 酸い (sui, “sour”) (less common)
See also
| Basic tastes in Japanese · 味覚 (mikaku) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甘い (amai) | 酸っぱい (suppai) | 塩っぱい (shoppai) | 苦い (nigai) | 辛い (karai) | 旨味 (umami) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “酸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ 酸っぱい／すっぱい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
- ^ すっぱい【酸っぱい】の語源・由来 (Etymology/Origin of SUPPAI) - Etymology Encyclopedia (in Japanese)
- ^ “鹹映・塩映”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN