遊ぶ
Japanese
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 遊 |
| あそ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *asonpu.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 遊ぶ
| Plain | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | [àsóbú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 遊んで | あそんで | [àsóńdé] |
| Perfective | 遊んだ | あそんだ | [àsóńdá] |
| Negative | 遊ばない | あそばない | [àsóbánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 遊ばなかった | あそばなかった | [àsóbánáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 遊べば | あそべば | [àsóbéꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 遊んだら | あそんだら | [àsóńdáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 遊べ | あそべ | [àsóbé] |
| Volitional | 遊ぼう | あそぼー | [àsóbóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 遊びたい | あそびたい | [àsóbítáí] |
| Formal | 遊びます | あそびます | [àsóbímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 遊びません | あそびません | [àsóbímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 遊びましょう | あそびましょー | [àsóbímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 遊びました | あそびました | [àsóbímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 遊び 遊びに |
あそび あそびに |
[àsóbí] [àsóbí ní] |
| Negative continuative | 遊ばず 遊ばずに |
あそばず あそばずに |
[àsóbázú] [àsóbázú ní] |
| Passive | 遊ばれる | あそばれる | [àsóbárérú] |
| Causative | 遊ばせる 遊ばす |
あそばせる あそばす |
[àsóbásérú] [àsóbású] |
| Potential | 遊べる | あそべる | [àsóbérú] |
Verb
遊ぶ • (asobu) intransitive godan (stem 遊び (asobi), past 遊んだ (asonda))
- play, amuse oneself, enjoy oneself
- spend one's time idle, do nothing
- for an item not to be in use, be spare or idle
Usage notes
Unlike "play" in English, this term is applied to both children and adults. (This leads to usage errors such as "I enjoy playing with my girlfriend on weekends.") It is used broadly for any enjoyable activity such as socializing.
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 遊ば | あそば | asoba |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 遊び | あそび | asobi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 遊ばれる | あそばれる | asobareru |
| Causative | 遊ばせる 遊ばす |
あそばせる あそばす |
asobaseru asobasu |
| Potential | 遊べる | あそべる | asoberu |
| Volitional | 遊ぼう | あそぼう | asobō |
| Negative | 遊ばない | あそばない | asobanai |
| Negative continuative | 遊ばず | あそばず | asobazu |
| Formal | 遊びます | あそびます | asobimasu |
| Perfective | 遊んだ | あそんだ | asonda |
| Conjunctive | 遊んで | あそんで | asonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 遊べば | あそべば | asobeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 遊ば | あそば | asoba |
| Continuative (連用形) | 遊び | あそび | asobi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Realis (已然形) | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 遊ばず | あそばず | asobazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 遊べど | あそべど | asobedo |
| Causal conjunction | 遊べば | あそべば | asobeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 遊ばば | あそばば | asobaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 遊びき | あそびき | asobiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 遊びけり | あそびけり | asobikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 遊びつ | あそびつ | asobitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 遊びぬ | あそびぬ | asobinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 遊べり 遊びたり |
あそべり あそびたり |
asoberi asobitari |
| Volitional | 遊ばむ | あそばむ | asobamu |
Derived terms
- 遊び (asobi)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “あそ・ぶ 【遊】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- “遊ぶ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN