進貢

See also: 进贡

Chinese

		advance; enter; to come in	tribute; gifts
trad. (進貢)		進	貢
simp. (进贡)		进	贡

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìngòng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeon³ gung³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): din¹ guung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chin-kung
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chìn-kòng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìngòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìngòng
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴-kung⁴
  - Yale: jìn-gùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinngonq
  - Palladius: цзиньгун (czinʹgun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeon³ gung³
  - Yale: jeun gung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen³ gung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zên³ gung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn³³ kʊŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: din¹ guung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tin³³ kɵŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin-kung
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin gung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin⁴ gung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn-kòng
  - Tâi-lô: tsìn-kòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cienkoxng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ²¹/

Verb

進貢

to offer tribute (to a suzerain or emperor); to pay tribute that a vassal owes to his suzerain
to grease or oil somebody's palm

Japanese

Kanji in this term
進	貢
しん Grade: 3	こう Grade: S
on'yomi	kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんこー [shìńkóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩŋko̞ː]

Noun

進(しん)貢(こう) • (shinkō) ^{←しんこう (sinkou)^?}

paying tribute

Derived terms

進(しん)貢(こう)船(せん) (shinkōsen)

Related terms

朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)

Verb

進(しん)貢(こう)する • (shinkō suru) ^{←しんこう (sinkou)^?}intransitive suru (stem 進(しん)貢(こう)し (shinkō shi), past 進(しん)貢(こう)した (shinkō shita))

to pay tribute

Conjugation

Conjugation of "進貢する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	進貢し	しんこうし	shinkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	進貢し	しんこうし	shinkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	進貢する	しんこうする	shinkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	進貢する	しんこうする	shinkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	進貢すれ	しんこうすれ	shinkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	進貢せよ¹ 進貢しろ²	しんこうせよ¹ しんこうしろ²	shinkō seyo¹ shinkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	進貢される	しんこうされる	shinkō sareru
Causative	進貢させる進貢さす	しんこうさせるしんこうさす	shinkō saseru shinkō sasu
Potential	進貢できる	しんこうできる	shinkō dekiru
Volitional	進貢しよう	しんこうしよう	shinkō shiyō
Negative	進貢しない	しんこうしない	shinkō shinai
Negative continuative	進貢せず	しんこうせず	shinkō sezu
Formal	進貢します	しんこうします	shinkō shimasu
Perfective	進貢した	しんこうした	shinkō shita
Conjunctive	進貢して	しんこうして	shinkō shite
Hypothetical conditional	進貢すれば	しんこうすれば	shinkō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
進	貢

Noun

進貢 • (jin'gong) (hangeul 진공)

hanja form^? of 진공

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
進	貢

Verb

進貢

chữ Hán form of tiến cống (“to offer tribute.”)
- Đại Việt sử ký tiệp lục tổng tự (大越史記捷錄總序), page 10a
  渃眞獵𢜝威，遣使𠓨進貢。
  Nước Chân Lạp sợ uy, khiến sứ vào tiến cống.
  The country of Chenla was fearful of our power, [they] ordered an envoy to offer up tribute.