透過

See also: 透过

Chinese

		to penetrate; thorough; penetrating to penetrate; thorough; penetrating; to pass through; to pierce	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad. (透過)		透	過
simp. (透过)		透	过

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tòuguò

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tau³ gwo³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thàu-kòe / thàu-kè

(Teochew, Peng'im): tao³ guê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tòuguò
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tòuguò
  - Wade–Giles: tʻou⁴-kuo⁴
  - Yale: tòu-gwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: towguoh
  - Palladius: тоуго (tougo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tau³ gwo³
  - Yale: tau gwo
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tau³ gwo³
  - Guangdong Romanization: teo³ guo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐu̯³³ kʷɔː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàu-kòe
  - Tâi-lô: thàu-kuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tao'koex
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ kue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàu-kè
  - Tâi-lô: thàu-kè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tao'kex
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ ke¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tao³ guê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thàu kuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kue²¹³/

Verb

透過

to permeate; to go through; to reach through

Preposition

透過

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau) via; by; by means of; through

Synonyms

經由 / 经由 (jīngyóu)
經過 / 经过 (jīngguò)
通過 / 通过 (tōngguò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
透	過
とう Grade: S	か Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーか [tòóká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːka̠]

Noun

透(とう)過(か) • (tōka)

penetration (of light, radiation, liquid, etc.)

Verb

透(とう)過(か)する • (tōka suru) intransitive suru (stem 透(とう)過(か)し (tōka shi), past 透(とう)過(か)した (tōka shita))

to penetrate
紫(し)外(がい)線(せん)は衣(い)服(ふく)を透(とう)過(か)する
shigaisen wa ifuku o tōka suru
ultraviolet rays penetrate clothing

Conjugation

Conjugation of "透過する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	透過し	とうかし	tōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	透過し	とうかし	tōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	透過する	とうかする	tōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	透過する	とうかする	tōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	透過すれ	とうかすれ	tōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	透過せよ¹ 透過しろ²	とうかせよ¹ とうかしろ²	tōka seyo¹ tōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	透過される	とうかされる	tōka sareru
Causative	透過させる透過さす	とうかさせるとうかさす	tōka saseru tōka sasu
Potential	透過できる	とうかできる	tōka dekiru
Volitional	透過しよう	とうかしよう	tōka shiyō
Negative	透過しない	とうかしない	tōka shinai
Negative continuative	透過せず	とうかせず	tōka sezu
Formal	透過します	とうかします	tōka shimasu
Perfective	透過した	とうかした	tōka shita
Conjunctive	透過して	とうかして	tōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	透過すれば	とうかすれば	tōka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“透過”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026