跪く
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 跪 |
| ひざまず Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “膝 + ま?? + 付く”) Derived from 膝 (hiza, “knee”). Cognate with Sawada Miyako 膝じぃー (psamazïï, “kneeling”).
Pronunciation
Verb
跪く • (hizamazuku) ←ひざまづく (fizamaduku)?intransitive godan (stem 跪き (hizamazuki), past 跪いた (hizamazuita))
- to kneel
- 1914, 夏目漱石 [Natsume Sōseki], chapter 7, in こゝろ [Kokoro], 下 先生と遺書 [Sensei's Testament]:
- 私はたった一人山へ行って、父母の墓の前に跪きました。
- Watakushi wa tatta hitori yama e itte, chichihaha no haka no mae ni hizamazukimashita.
- I went alone to the hill, and knelt before my graves of my father and mother.
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 跪か | ひざまずか | hizamazuka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 跪き | ひざまずき | hizamazuki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 跪く | ひざまずく | hizamazuku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 跪く | ひざまずく | hizamazuku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 跪け | ひざまずけ | hizamazuke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 跪け | ひざまずけ | hizamazuke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 跪かれる | ひざまずかれる | hizamazukareru |
| Causative | 跪かせる 跪かす |
ひざまずかせる ひざまずかす |
hizamazukaseru hizamazukasu |
| Potential | 跪ける | ひざまずける | hizamazukeru |
| Volitional | 跪こう | ひざまずこう | hizamazukō |
| Negative | 跪かない | ひざまずかない | hizamazukanai |
| Negative continuative | 跪かず | ひざまずかず | hizamazukazu |
| Formal | 跪きます | ひざまずきます | hizamazukimasu |
| Perfective | 跪いた | ひざまずいた | hizamazuita |
| Conjunctive | 跪いて | ひざまずいて | hizamazuite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 跪けば | ひざまずけば | hizamazukeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 跪か | ひざまづか | fizamaduka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 跪き | ひざまづき | fizamaduki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 跪く | ひざまづく | fizamaduku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 跪く | ひざまづく | fizamaduku |
| Realis (已然形) | 跪け | ひざまづけ | fizamaduke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 跪け | ひざまづけ | fizamaduke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 跪かず | ひざまづかず | fizamadukazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 跪けど | ひざまづけど | fizamadukedo |
| Causal conjunction | 跪けば | ひざまづけば | fizamadukeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 跪かば | ひざまづかば | fizamadukaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 跪きき | ひざまづきき | fizamadukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 跪きけり | ひざまづきけり | fizamadukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 跪きつ | ひざまづきつ | fizamadukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 跪きぬ | ひざまづきぬ | fizamadukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 跪けり 跪きたり |
ひざまづけり ひざまづきたり |
fizamadukeri fizamadukitari |
| Volitional | 跪かむ | ひざまづかむ | fizamadukamu |
References
- “▲跪く”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026