起草
Chinese
| to rise; to raise; to get up | grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (起草) | 起 | 草 | |
| simp. #(起草) | 起 | 草 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hei2 cou2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qǐcǎo [Phonetic: qícǎo]
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄘㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cǐcǎo
- Wade–Giles: chʻi3-tsʻao3
- Yale: chǐ-tsǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiitsao
- Palladius: цицао (cicao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hei2 cou2
- Yale: héi chóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: hei2 tsou2
- Guangdong Romanization: héi2 cou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hei̯³⁵ t͡sʰou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-chhó
- Tâi-lô: khí-tshó
- Phofsit Daibuun: qyzhoir
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɤ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ki2 co2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khí tshó
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰo⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
起草
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 起 | 草 |
| き Grade: 3 |
そう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
- drawing up (a plan); drafting (a bill, report, contract)
- 2025 July 19, “アジアの法整備 尽くした軌跡 名大・鮎京名誉教授 本出版 故森嶌昭夫さんらの言葉紹介”, in 中日新聞 [Chunichi Shimbun], 朝刊（市民版） [Nagoya morning] edition, number 29678, page 17:
- 日本では名古屋大が中心になり、法曹関係者や学者らがアジアの国々で民法や民事訴訟法などの起草を手助け。
- Nihon de wa Nagoyadai ga chūshin ni nari, hōsō kankeisha ya gakusha-ra ga ajia no kuniguni de minpō ya minji soshōhō nado no kisō o tedasuke.
- In Japan, Nagoya University has taken the lead in helping legal professionals and scholars draft civil laws and civil procedure codes in Asian countries.
Verb
起草する • (kisō suru) ←きさう (kisau)?transitive suru (stem 起草し (kisō shi), past 起草した (kisō shita))
- draw up (a plan); draft (a bill, report, contract)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 起草し | きそうし | kisō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 起草し | きそうし | kisō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 起草する | きそうする | kisō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 起草する | きそうする | kisō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 起草すれ | きそうすれ | kisō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 起草せよ¹ 起草しろ² |
きそうせよ¹ きそうしろ² |
kisō seyo¹ kisō shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 起草される | きそうされる | kisō sareru |
| Causative | 起草させる 起草さす |
きそうさせる きそうさす |
kisō saseru kisō sasu |
| Potential | 起草できる | きそうできる | kisō dekiru |
| Volitional | 起草しよう | きそうしよう | kisō shiyō |
| Negative | 起草しない | きそうしない | kisō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 起草せず | きそうせず | kisō sezu |
| Formal | 起草します | きそうします | kisō shimasu |
| Perfective | 起草した | きそうした | kisō shita |
| Conjunctive | 起草して | きそうして | kisō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 起草すれば | きそうすれば | kisō sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “起草”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026