起伏

Chinese

		to rise; to raise; to get up	conceal (ambush); prostrate; submit
trad. (起伏)		起	伏
simp. ^#(起伏)		起	伏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐfú

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei² fuk⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-ho̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐfú
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐfú
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³-fu²
  - Yale: chǐ-fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiifwu
  - Palladius: цифу (cifu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei² fuk⁶
  - Yale: héi fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei² fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi² fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³⁵ fʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khí-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qy'hok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔk̚⁴/

Verb

起伏

to rise and fall; to move up and down; to undulate; to fluctuate
丘陵起伏 ― qiūlíng qǐfú ― a chain of undulating hills

Derived terms

綿延起伏 / 绵延起伏
起伏不平
連綿起伏 / 连绵起伏
高低起伏

Noun

起伏

ups and downs; fluctuations

Japanese

Kanji in this term
起	伏
き Grade: 3	ふく Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きふく [kìfúkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) きふく [kíꜜfùkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲiɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]

Noun

起(き)伏(ふく) • (kifuku)

Derived terms

起(き)伏(ふく)型(がた) (kifuku-gata)
起(き)伏(ふく)式(しき) (kifuku-shiki)

Verb

起(き)伏(ふく)する • (kifuku suru) intransitive suru (stem 起(き)伏(ふく)し (kifuku shi), past 起(き)伏(ふく)した (kifuku shita))

rise and fall

Conjugation

Conjugation of "起伏する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	起伏し	きふくし	kifuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	起伏し	きふくし	kifuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	起伏する	きふくする	kifuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	起伏する	きふくする	kifuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	起伏すれ	きふくすれ	kifuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	起伏せよ¹ 起伏しろ²	きふくせよ¹ きふくしろ²	kifuku seyo¹ kifuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	起伏される	きふくされる	kifuku sareru
Causative	起伏させる起伏さす	きふくさせるきふくさす	kifuku saseru kifuku sasu
Potential	起伏できる	きふくできる	kifuku dekiru
Volitional	起伏しよう	きふくしよう	kifuku shiyō
Negative	起伏しない	きふくしない	kifuku shinai
Negative continuative	起伏せず	きふくせず	kifuku sezu
Formal	起伏します	きふくします	kifuku shimasu
Perfective	起伏した	きふくした	kifuku shita
Conjunctive	起伏して	きふくして	kifuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	起伏すれば	きふくすれば	kifuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“起伏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026