訥

See also: 讷

訥	U+8A25, 訥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A25

← 訤
[U+8A24]

CJK Unified Ideographs

訦 →
[U+8A26]

Translingual

Han character

訥 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人月 (YROB), four-corner 0462₇, composition ⿰訁內)

slow of speech
mumble
stammer

Derived characters

𠽆, 𱟄, 𭅾, 𭋚, 𦄠, 𤹽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1150, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35274
Dae Jaweon: page 1617, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 4
Unihan data for U+8A25

Chinese

trad.		訥
simp.		讷
alternative forms		吶／呐㕯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (內) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
妠	nuːms, nuːb, *rnoːd
內	*nuːbs
笍	tnobs, njobs
芮	*njobs
枘	*njobs
汭	*njobs
鈉	*njobs
蜹	njobs, lobs, *njod
抐	nuːns, nuːd
納	*nuːb
衲	*nuːb
魶	nuːb, noːb
軜	*nuːb
蒳	*nuːb
豽	*rnuːd
肭	rnuːd, nuːd, *nuɡ
吶	*nod
焫	*njod
訥	*nuːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nuːd) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nè, nà (ne⁴, na⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄜˋ, ㄋㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): neot⁶ / nat⁶ / naap⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lu̍t
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸neq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nè
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nè
  - Wade–Giles: nê⁴
  - Yale: nè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neh
  - Palladius: нэ (nɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nà
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nà
  - Wade–Giles: na⁴
  - Yale: nà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nah
  - Palladius: на (na)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: neot⁶ / nat⁶ / naap⁶
  - Yale: neuht / naht / naahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: noet⁹ / nat⁹ / naap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nêd⁶ / ned⁶ / nab⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɵt̚²/, /nɐt̚²/, /naːp̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: lu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lut
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lut̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lut̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lut̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lut̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lut̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸neq
  - MiniDict: neh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵neq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: nwot

Rime
Character	訥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	内骨切
Baxter	nwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nwət̚/
Li Rong	/nuət̚/
Wang Li	/nuət̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	neot⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤut/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	訥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nè
Middle Chinese	‹ nwot ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁut/
English	slow of speech
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	訥
Reading #	1/1
No.	9404
Phonetic component	內
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*nuːd/

Definitions

訥

slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner
- 大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Dà zhí ruò qū, dà qiǎo ruò zhuō, dà biàn ruò nè. [Pinyin]
  The very straight seems bent, the skillful seems stupid, the most rhetorical seems clumsily expressed.
taciturn; speaking little

Usage notes

Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation nà.

Compounds

剛毅木訥 / 刚毅木讷
口訥 / 口讷
大辯若訥 / 大辩若讷
木訥 / 木讷 (mùnè)
木訥無言 / 木讷无言
樸訥 / 朴讷
樸訥誠篤 / 朴讷诚笃
澀訥 / 涩讷
訥口 / 讷口
訥會 / 讷会 (nèhuì)
訥澀 / 讷涩

References

“訥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

訥

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: のち (nochi)
Kan-on: どつ (dotsu)
Kan’yō-on: とつ (totsu)
Kun: どもる (domoru, 訥る)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 訥 (MC nwot). Recorded as Middle Korean 눌 (nwul) (Yale: nwul) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul))

hanja form^? of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”)

Compounds

어눌 (語訥, eonul)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Middle Mongol

Mongolian	ʼPhags-pa	Hanzi
ᠤ	ꡟ	訥

Suffix

訥 (-u)

Hanzi form of ᠤ (-u).

Vietnamese

Han character

訥: Hán Việt readings: nột^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
訥: Nôm readings: nốt^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7], dốt^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7], nói^[2]^[3]^[7], nuốt^[3]^[4]^[7], nhốt^[4]^[5]^[6], nuột^[7]

Etymology 1

Adjective

訥 • (dốt)

chữ Nôm form of dốt (“ignorant; slow-witted; stupid”)

Etymology 2

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, nói): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 内 (nội).

Verb

訥 • (nói)

chữ Nôm form of nói (“to speak, to talk, to say”)

Etymology 3

Combining form

訥 • (nốt)

chữ Nôm form of nốt (“used in nốt ruồi (“mole; melanocytic nevus”)”)

Etymology 4

Verb

訥 • (nuốt)

chữ Nôm form of nuốt (“to swallow”)

Etymology 5

Adjective

訥 • (nuột)

chữ Nôm form of nuột (“smooth, silky”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Trần (2004).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Hồ (1976).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Nguyễn (2014).

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