訓練

See also: 训练

Chinese

		example; pattern; to teach example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction	to practise; to train; to perfect (one's skill) to practise; to train; to perfect (one's skill); to drill
trad. (訓練)		訓	練
simp. (训练)		训	练

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xùnliàn

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³ lin⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiun-lien

(Hailu, HRS): hiun^ˇ lien^˖
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong⁴ loeng⁵ / huong⁴ lyoeng⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hùn-liān

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung³ liêng⁷ / hung³ liang⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xùnliàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syùnliàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsün⁴-lien⁴
  - Yale: syùn-lyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunnliann
  - Palladius: сюньлянь (sjunʹljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan³ lin⁶
  - Yale: fan lihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan³ lin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen³ lin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³ liːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiun-lien
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiun lien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiun⁴ lian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯un⁵⁵ li̯en⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiun^ˇ lien^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /hiun¹¹ lien³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hong⁴ loeng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: heo̍ng-lē̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ⁴² lœŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huong⁴ lyoeng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁴² lyøŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-liān
  - Tâi-lô: hùn-liān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huonlien
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ liɛn³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung³ liêng⁷ / hung³ liang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng liēng / hùng liāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lieŋ¹¹/, /huŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ liaŋ¹¹/

Note: hung3 liêng7 - Chaozhou.

Verb

訓練

to train; to drill
在職訓練／在职训练 ― zàizhí xùnliàn ― on-the-job training

訓練方法／训练方法 ― xùnliàn fāngfǎ ― training method

Synonyms

培訓／培训 (péixùn)
(literary, or in compounds) 訓／训 (xùn)

Derived terms

訓練場 / 训练场 (xùnliànchǎng)
訓練有素 / 训练有素 (xùnliànyǒusù)
訓練營 / 训练营 (xùnliànyíng)
訓練痕跡 / 训练痕迹 (xùnliàn hénjì)
訓練者 / 训练者 (xùnliànzhě)
高強度間歇訓練 / 高强度间歇训练 (gāoqiángdù jiànxiē xùnliàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (訓練):

→ Japanese: 訓練(くんれん) (kunren)
→ Korean: 훈련(訓練) (hullyeon)
→ Vietnamese: huấn luyện (訓練)

References

“訓練”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
訓	練
くん Grade: 4	れん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
訓練 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くんれん [kúꜜǹrèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̃n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

訓(くん)練(れん) • (kunren)

training; practice

Verb

訓(くん)練(れん)する • (kunren suru) transitive suru (stem 訓(くん)練(れん)し (kunren shi), past 訓(くん)練(れん)した (kunren shita))

to practice; to drill
- 2025 May 22, 伊波洋一 [Yōichi Iha], quotee, “第217回国会　参議院　外交防衛委員会　第15号　令和7年5月22日 [217th Diet House of Councilors Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee No. 15 May 22, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System]‎^[1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 3 September 2025:
  これが、司令官の言う「嘉手納基地は地域の部隊を訓練し統合することができる戦略的な基盤」という意味です。
  Kore ga, shireikan no iu “Kadena kichi wa chiiki no butai o kunren shi tōgō suru koto ga dekiru senryaku-teki na kiban” to iu imi desu.
  This is what the Commander means when he says, "Kadena Air Base is a strategic base that can train and integrate regional forces."

Conjugation

Conjugation of "訓練する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	訓練し	くんれんし	kunren shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	訓練し	くんれんし	kunren shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	訓練する	くんれんする	kunren suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	訓練する	くんれんする	kunren suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	訓練すれ	くんれんすれ	kunren sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	訓練せよ¹ 訓練しろ²	くんれんせよ¹ くんれんしろ²	kunren seyo¹ kunren shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	訓練される	くんれんされる	kunren sareru
Causative	訓練させる訓練さす	くんれんさせるくんれんさす	kunren saseru kunren sasu
Potential	訓練できる	くんれんできる	kunren dekiru
Volitional	訓練しよう	くんれんしよう	kunren shiyō
Negative	訓練しない	くんれんしない	kunren shinai
Negative continuative	訓練せず	くんれんせず	kunren sezu
Formal	訓練します	くんれんします	kunren shimasu
Perfective	訓練した	くんれんした	kunren shita
Conjunctive	訓練して	くんれんして	kunren shite
Hypothetical conditional	訓練すれば	くんれんすれば	kunren sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“訓練”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
訓	練

Noun

訓練 • (hullyeon) (hangeul 훈련)

hanja form^? of 훈련 (“training, drill, discipline”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
訓	練

Verb

訓練

chữ Hán form of huấn luyện (“to train; to coach; to drill”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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