訓令

Chinese

example; pattern; to teach
example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction
 
make or cause to be; order; command
make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable
 
trad. (訓令) 訓 令
simp. (训令) 训 令

Pronunciation

Noun

訓令

  1. order; instruction; official directive; written instructions from superiors
    1. (Macau, law, historical) portaria, a type of legislative instrument made by the Governor in exercising his executive power

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (訓令):
  • → Japanese: 訓令(くんれい) (kunrei)
  • → Korean: 훈령(訓令) (hullyeong)
  • → Vietnamese: huấn lệnh (訓令)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
訓 令
くん
Grade: 4 		れい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) くんれー [kùńréé] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟̃n̺ɾe̞ː]

Noun

訓(くん)令(れい) • (kunrei) 

  1. (from a superior, to an inferior) instruction, order, command
  2. (government) an order from a higher government office, such as the Cabinet or a ministry, to a lower government office, which interprets ordinances or policies, or directs and supervises its duties and exercise of authority
  3. (military) an order with only an objective, leaving the choice of the method to the executor

Derived terms

Verb

訓(くん)令(れい)する • (kunrei suru) transitive suru (stem 訓(くん)令(れい)し (kunrei shi), past 訓(くん)令(れい)した (kunrei shita))

  1. (from a superior, to an inferior) to instruct, command
  2. (government) to issue a command as mentioned above
  3. (military) to issue a command as mentioned above

Conjugation

Conjugation of "訓令する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 訓令し くんれいし kunrei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 訓令し くんれいし kunrei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 訓令する くんれいする kunrei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 訓令する くんれいする kunrei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 訓令すれ くんれいすれ kunrei sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 訓令せよ¹
訓令しろ² 		くんれいせよ¹
くんれいしろ² 		kunrei seyo¹
kunrei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 訓令される くんれいされる kunrei sareru
Causative 訓令させる
訓令さす 		くんれいさせる
くんれいさす 		kunrei saseru
kunrei sasu
Potential 訓令できる くんれいできる kunrei dekiru
Volitional 訓令しよう くんれいしよう kunrei shiyō
Negative 訓令しない くんれいしない kunrei shinai
Negative continuative 訓令せず くんれいせず kunrei sezu
Formal 訓令します くんれいします kunrei shimasu
Perfective 訓令した くんれいした kunrei shita
Conjunctive 訓令して くんれいして kunrei shite
Hypothetical conditional 訓令すれば くんれいすれば kunrei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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