見す
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 見 |
| め Grade: 1 |
| irregular |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 看す |
Etymology
From 見 (mi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 見る (miru, “to see”)) + す (-su, an honorific auxilliary).[1] According to Frellesvig, the mi- shifts to me- due to fusion with a medial -a- element.[2]
⟨mi1 asu⟩ → ⟨me1su⟩ → */mʲesu/ → /mesu/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [me̞sɨ]
Verb
見す • (mesu) transitive godan (stem 見し (meshi), past 見した (meshita))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 見さ | めさ | mesa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 見し | めし | meshi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 見す | めす | mesu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 見す | めす | mesu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 見せ | めせ | mese |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 見せ | めせ | mese |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 見される | めされる | mesareru |
| Causative | 見させる 見さす |
めさせる めさす |
mesaseru mesasu |
| Potential | 見せる | めせる | meseru |
| Volitional | 見そう | めそう | mesō |
| Negative | 見さない | めさない | mesanai |
| Negative continuative | 見さず | めさず | mesazu |
| Formal | 見します | めします | meshimasu |
| Perfective | 見した | めした | meshita |
| Conjunctive | 見して | めして | meshite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 見せば | めせば | meseba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 見さ | めさ | mesa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 見し | めし | mesi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 見す | めす | mesu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 見す | めす | mesu |
| Realis (已然形) | 見せ | めせ | mese |
| Imperative (命令形) | 見せ | めせ | mese |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 見さず | めさず | mesazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 見せど | めせど | mesedo |
| Causal conjunction | 見せば | めせば | meseba |
| Conditional conjunction | 見さば | めさば | mesaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 見しき | めしき | mesiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 見しけり | めしけり | mesikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 見しつ | めしつ | mesitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 見しぬ | めしぬ | mesinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 見せり 見したり |
めせり めしたり |
meseri mesitari |
| Volitional | 見さむ | めさむ | mesamu |
References
- ^ “見す”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010), A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 62