藉口

See also: 借口

Chinese

		by means of; in disorder	mouth; (a measure word, for people, livestock or utensils)
trad. (藉口/借口)		藉/借	口
simp. (借口)		借	口

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jièkǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄡˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik⁶ hau² / ze³ hau² / ze⁶ hau²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): det⁵ heu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chia-khiéu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chià-khió / chioh-kháu / chià-kháu / chiah-kháu / chiah-khó͘ / chià-khó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): zia⁶ kao²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ca-kheu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jièkǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jièkǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴-kʻou³
  - Yale: jyè-kǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehkoou
  - Palladius: цзекоу (czekou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    戒口
    界口
    藉口 / 借口
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik⁶ hau² / ze³ hau² / ze⁶ hau²
  - Yale: jihk háu / je háu / jeh háu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ hau² / dze³ hau² / dze⁶ hau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ heo² / zé³ heo² / zé⁶ heo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² hɐu̯³⁵/, /t͡sɛː³³ hɐu̯³⁵/, /t͡sɛː²² hɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: det⁵ heu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tet̚³² heu⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chia-khiéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: jia kieu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jia⁴ kieu³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯a⁵⁵ kʰi̯eu̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-khió
  - Tâi-lô: tsià-khió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciarqioir
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh-kháu
  - Tâi-lô: tsioh-kháu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioihqao
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰau⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-kháu
  - Tâi-lô: tsià-kháu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciarqao
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰau⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah-kháu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiah-kháu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciahqao
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsiah-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciahqor
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsià-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciarqor
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zia⁶ kao²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiă kháu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sia³⁵⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ca-kheu
  - MiniDict: ca^去 kheu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ja-kheu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕa³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

Noun

藉口

excuse; pretext
你最好為遲到找個好藉口。 [MSC, trad.]
你最好为迟到找个好借口。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ zuìhǎo wèi chídào zhǎo ge hǎo jièkǒu. [Pinyin]
You'd better have a good excuse for being late.

Synonyms

edit

事由 (shìyóu)
口實 / 口实 (kǒushí)
幌子 (huǎngzi) (figurative)
推頭 / 推头 (¹the-deu) (Wu)
擋箭牌 / 挡箭牌 (dǎngjiànpái) (figurative)
由子 (yóuzi)
由頭 / 由头
盾牌 (dùnpái) (figurative)
託詞 / 托词 (tuōcí)
頭由 / 头由 (tóuyóu) (dialectal)
題目 / 题目 (tímù) (Classical Chinese)

Verb

藉口

to use as an excuse
他藉口有事不來上班。 [MSC, trad.]
他借口有事不来上班。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā jièkǒu yǒu shì bù lái shàngbān. [Pinyin]
He used the fact that he had things to do as an excuse not to go to work.

Synonyms

edit

藉故 / 借故 (jiègù)
藉端 / 借端 (jièduān)
託故 / 托故 (tuōgù)
託詞 / 托词 (tuōcí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (藉口):

→ Japanese: 藉口(しゃこう) (shakō)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
藉	口
しゃ Hyōgai	こう Grade: 1
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゃこー [shàkóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ko̞ː]

Noun

藉(しゃ)口(こう) • (shakō)

excuse, pretense, pretext
Synonyms: 口実 (kōjitsu), 仮託 (kataku), 託け (kakotsuke); see also Thesaurus:口実

Verb

藉(しゃ)口(こう)する • (shakō suru) suru (stem 藉(しゃ)口(こう)し (shakō shi), past 藉(しゃ)口(こう)した (shakō shita))

to use as an excuse or pretext

Conjugation

Conjugation of "藉口する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	藉口し	しゃこうし	shakō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	藉口し	しゃこうし	shakō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	藉口する	しゃこうする	shakō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	藉口する	しゃこうする	shakō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	藉口すれ	しゃこうすれ	shakō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	藉口せよ¹ 藉口しろ²	しゃこうせよ¹ しゃこうしろ²	shakō seyo¹ shakō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	藉口される	しゃこうされる	shakō sareru
Causative	藉口させる藉口さす	しゃこうさせるしゃこうさす	shakō saseru shakō sasu
Potential	藉口できる	しゃこうできる	shakō dekiru
Volitional	藉口しよう	しゃこうしよう	shakō shiyō
Negative	藉口しない	しゃこうしない	shakō shinai
Negative continuative	藉口せず	しゃこうせず	shakō sezu
Formal	藉口します	しゃこうします	shakō shimasu
Perfective	藉口した	しゃこうした	shakō shita
Conjunctive	藉口して	しゃこうして	shakō shite
Hypothetical conditional	藉口すれば	しゃこうすれば	shakō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲藉口”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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