著作

Chinese

		particle indicating the successful result of a verb; to touch; to come in contact with particle indicating the successful result of a verb; to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to fall asleep; to burn; particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like ‑ing ending; to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding; to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply; catch; receive; suffer	to regard as; to take (someone) for; to do to regard as; to take (someone) for; to do; to make
trad. (著作)		著	作
simp. ^#(著作)		著	作

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhùzuò

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu³ zok³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chu-chok
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tù-chok / tìr-chok / tì-chok

(Teochew, Peng'im): du³ zag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhùzuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhùzuò
  - Wade–Giles: chu⁴-tso⁴
  - Yale: jù-dzwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juhtzuoh
  - Palladius: чжуцзо (čžuczo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyu³ zok³
  - Yale: jyu jok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy³ dzok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju³ zog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː³³ t͡sɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chu-chok
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu zog^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu⁴ zog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁵⁵ t͡sok̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tù-chok
  - Tâi-lô: tù-tsok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: duozog
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tìr-chok
  - Tâi-lô: tìr-tsok
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-chok
  - Tâi-lô: tì-tsok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diezog
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: du³ zag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tù tsak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sak̚²/

Noun

著作

work; writings (Classifier: 部 m)

Synonyms

edit

冊 / 册 (cè) (as a classifier, or Classical Chinese)
冊子 / 册子 (cèzi)
卷 (juàn)
圖書 / 图书 (túshū) (as a collective term)
撰述 (zhuànshù) (formal)
文曲 (wénqǔ) (Classical Chinese)
文章 (wénzhāng)
書 / 书 (shū)
書冊 / 书册 (shūcè) (dated or Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien)
書卷 / 书卷 (shūjuàn)
書本 / 书本 (shūběn) (as a collective term)
書籍 / 书籍 (shūjí) (as a collective term)
本 (běn) (as a classifier)
本子 (běnzi)
本本 (běnběn) (informal, diminutive)
版籍 (bǎnjí) (literary)
簿 (bù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
簿仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
籍 (jí) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
經籍 / 经籍 (jīngjí)
著 (zhù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
藝文 / 艺文 (yìwén)

Verb

著作

to write

Synonyms

edit

作文 (zuòwén) (to write an essay or composition)
執筆 / 执笔 (zhíbǐ)
寫作 / 写作 (xiězuò)
寫字 / 写字 (xiězì)
屬文 / 属文 (zhǔwén) (literary, to compose prose)
援筆 / 援笔 (yuánbǐ) (literary)
提筆 / 提笔 (tíbǐ)
撰 (zhuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
撰寫 (zhuànxiě)
撰著 (zhuànzhù) (to write a book)
撰述 (zhuànshù) (formal)
書寫 / 书写 (shūxiě)
書錄 / 书录 (shūlù)
筆耕 / 笔耕 (bǐgēng) (literary)
綴文 / 缀文 (zhuìwén) (literary, to write a composition)
編寫 / 编写 (biānxiě)
著述 (zhùshù)
行文 (xíngwén)
行筆 / 行笔 (xíngbǐ) (literary, to write an essay or composition)
製作 / 制作 (zhìzuò)
譔文 / 撰文 (zhuànwén) (to write an article)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
著	作
ちょ Grade: 6	さく Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
著作 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょさく [chòsákú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞sa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

著(ちょ)作(さく) • (chosaku)

writing of a book

Verb

著(ちょ)作(さく)する • (chosaku suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 著(ちょ)作(さく)し (chosaku shi), past 著(ちょ)作(さく)した (chosaku shita))

write a book; author (to create a work as its author)
- 1941, 戸坂潤, 友情に関係あるエッセイ‎^[1]:
  以前私の考え方はこういう人達と全く一致しなかったが、その頃沈黙を守っていた人達が一斉に著作し始めた。
  Izen watashi no kangae-kata wa kō iu hito-tachi to mattaku itchi shinakatta ga, sono koro chinmoku o mamotte ita hito-tachi ga issei ni chosaku shi hajimeta.
  Previously, my views were completely at odds with those of these people, but at that time, those who had remained silent began to write en masse.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "著作する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	著作し	ちょさくし	chosaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	著作し	ちょさくし	chosaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	著作する	ちょさくする	chosaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	著作する	ちょさくする	chosaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	著作すれ	ちょさくすれ	chosaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	著作せよ¹ 著作しろ²	ちょさくせよ¹ ちょさくしろ²	chosaku seyo¹ chosaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	著作される	ちょさくされる	chosaku sareru
Causative	著作させる著作さす	ちょさくさせるちょさくさす	chosaku saseru chosaku sasu
Potential	著作できる	ちょさくできる	chosaku dekiru
Volitional	著作しよう	ちょさくしよう	chosaku shiyō
Negative	著作しない	ちょさくしない	chosaku shinai
Negative continuative	著作せず	ちょさくせず	chosaku sezu
Formal	著作します	ちょさくします	chosaku shimasu
Perfective	著作した	ちょさくした	chosaku shita
Conjunctive	著作して	ちょさくして	chosaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	著作すれば	ちょさくすれば	chosaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“著作”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
著	作

Noun

著作 • (jeojak) (hangeul 저작)

hanja form^? of 저작 (“working(s)”)