落伍

Chinese

		to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind	associate with; five; company
trad. (落伍)		落	伍
simp. ^#(落伍)		落	伍

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): luòwǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ ng⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-gó͘ / lo̍k-ngó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luòwǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luòwǔ
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴-wu³
  - Yale: lwò-wǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohwuu
  - Palladius: ло’у (lo’u)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok⁶ ng⁵
  - Yale: lohk ńgh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ ng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ ng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² ŋ̍¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-gó͘
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k-góo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loggor
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-ngó͘
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k-ngóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: logngor
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

Verb

落伍

(military) to fall behind the ranks
(figurative) to be behind the times; to be outdated

Related terms

掉隊／掉队 (diàoduì)
落後／落后 (luòhòu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
落	伍
らく Grade: 3	ご Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Verb

落(らく)伍(ご)する • (rakugo suru) ^{←らくご (rakugo)^?}suru (stem 落(らく)伍(ご)し (rakugo shi), past 落(らく)伍(ご)した (rakugo shita))

to fall behind the ranks
to become an outcast

Conjugation

Conjugation of "落伍する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	落伍し	らくごし	rakugo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	落伍し	らくごし	rakugo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	落伍する	らくごする	rakugo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	落伍する	らくごする	rakugo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	落伍すれ	らくごすれ	rakugo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	落伍せよ¹ 落伍しろ²	らくごせよ¹ らくごしろ²	rakugo seyo¹ rakugo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	落伍される	らくごされる	rakugo sareru
Causative	落伍させる落伍さす	らくごさせるらくごさす	rakugo saseru rakugo sasu
Potential	落伍できる	らくごできる	rakugo dekiru
Volitional	落伍しよう	らくごしよう	rakugo shiyō
Negative	落伍しない	らくごしない	rakugo shinai
Negative continuative	落伍せず	らくごせず	rakugo sezu
Formal	落伍します	らくごします	rakugo shimasu
Perfective	落伍した	らくごした	rakugo shita
Conjunctive	落伍して	らくごして	rakugo shite
Hypothetical conditional	落伍すれば	らくごすれば	rakugo sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Classical conjugation of "落伍す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	落伍せ	らくごせ	rakugo se
Continuative (連用形)	落伍し	らくごし	rakugo si
Terminal (終止形)	落伍す	らくごす	rakugo su
Attributive (連体形)	落伍する	らくごする	rakugo suru
Realis (已然形)	落伍すれ	らくごすれ	rakugo sure
Imperative (命令形)	落伍せよ	らくごせよ	rakugo seyo
Key constructions
Negative	落伍せず	らくごせず	rakugo sezu
Contrasting conjunction	落伍すれど	らくごすれど	rakugo suredo
Causal conjunction	落伍すれば	らくごすれば	rakugo sureba
Conditional conjunction	落伍せば	らくごせば	rakugo seba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	落伍しき	らくごしき	rakugo siki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	落伍しけり	らくごしけり	rakugo sikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	落伍しつ	らくごしつ	rakugo situ
Perfect tense (natural event)	落伍しぬ	らくごしぬ	rakugo sinu
Perfect-continuative tense	落伍せり落伍したり	らくごせりらくごしたり	rakugo seri rakugo sitari
Volitional	落伍せむ	らくごせむ	rakugo semu

References

“落^▲伍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026