莞爾

Chinese

		smile	thus; so; like that thus; so; like that; you; thou
trad. (莞爾)		莞	爾
simp. (莞尔)		莞	尔

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǎn'ěr

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ ㄦˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁵ ji⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn'ěr [Phonetic: wáněr]
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ ㄦˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn-ěr
  - Wade–Giles: wan³-êrh³
  - Yale: wǎn-ěr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woaneel
  - Palladius: ваньэр (vanʹer)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wun⁵ ji⁵
  - Yale: wúhn yíh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁵ ji⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: wun⁵ yi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn¹³ jiː¹³/

Middle Chinese: hwaenX nyeX

Rime
Character	莞	爾
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	戸板切	兒氏切
Baxter	hwaenX	nyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuan^X/	/ȵiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚan^X/	/ȵiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐn^X/	/ȵʑjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨn^X/	/ȵiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuan^X/	/ȵie^X/
Wang Li	/ɣwan^X/	/ȵʑǐe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwan^X/	/ȵʑie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn	ěr
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan⁶	ji⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋroːnʔ njelʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爾
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ěr
Middle Chinese	‹ nye^X ›
Old Chinese	/*n[ə][r]ʔ/
English	(adv. suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莞	爾
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	16140	2817
Phonetic component	元	爾
Rime group	元	歌
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	睆	爾
Old Chinese	/*ɦŋroːnʔ/	/*njelʔ/
Notes		說文尒聲，甲金文象檷初文，取林義光說

Adjective

莞爾

(literary) smiling
不覺莞爾／不觉莞尔 ― bùjiào wǎn'ěr ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

莞爾一笑／莞尔一笑 ― wǎn'ěr yīxiào ― give a soft smile

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (莞爾):

→ Japanese: 莞(かん)爾(じ) (kanji)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
莞	爾
かん Jinmeiyō	じ Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんじ [káꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Adjective

莞(かん)爾(じ) • (kanji) ^†-tari (adnominal 莞(かん)爾(じ)とした (kanji to shita) or 莞(かん)爾(じ)たる (kanji taru), adverbial 莞(かん)爾(じ)と (kanji to) or 莞(かん)爾(じ)として (kanji to shite))

smiling
Synonyms: にっこり (nikkori), 微笑み (hohoemi)

莞(かん)爾(じ)として笑(わら)う
kanji to shite warau
to smile cheerfully, to beam with a smile

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "莞爾たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	莞爾たら	かんじたら	kanzitara
Continuative (連用形)	莞爾と^[1] 莞爾たり^[2]	かんじとかんじたり	kanzito kanzitari
Terminal (終止形)	莞爾たり	かんじたり	kanzitari
Attributive (連体形)	莞爾たる	かんじたる	kanzitaru
Realis (已然形)	莞爾たれ	かんじたれ	kanzitare
Imperative (命令形)	莞爾たれ	かんじたれ	kanzitare
Key constructions
Negative	莞爾たらず	かんじたらず	kanzitarazu
Contrasting conjunction	莞爾たれど	かんじたれど	kanzitaredo
Causal conjunction	莞爾たれば	かんじたれば	kanzitareba
Conditional conjunction	莞爾たらば	かんじたらば	kanzitaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	莞爾たりき	かんじたりき	kanzitariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	莞爾たりけり	かんじたりけり	kanzitarikeri
Adverbial	莞爾と	かんじと	kanzito

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲莞^▲爾”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK7-3] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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