自若

Chinese

		from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (自若)		自	若
simp. ^#(自若)		自	若

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìruò

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ joek⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìruò
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhruò
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-jo⁴
  - Yale: dz̀-rwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhruoh
  - Palladius: цзыжо (czyžo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ joek⁶
  - Yale: jih yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² jœːk̚²/

Adjective

自若

(literary) self-possessed; composed; collected; calm and at ease

Synonyms

edit

冷靜 / 冷静 (lěngjìng)
在步 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
從容 / 从容
沉著 (chénzhuó)
淡定 (dàndìng)
清醒 (qīngxǐng)
理智 (lǐzhì)
精英 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng) (archaic)
自如 (zìrú) (literary)
鎮定 / 镇定 (zhèndìng)
鎮靜 / 镇静 (zhènjìng)

Derived terms

泰然自若 (tàiránzìruò)
瀟灑自若 / 潇洒自若

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	若
じ Grade: 2	じゃく Grade: 6
goon	kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じじゃく [jìjákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiʑa̠kɯ̟]

Adjective

自(じ)若(じゃく) • (jijaku) ^{←じじやく (zizyaku)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 自(じ)若(じゃく)とした (jijaku to shita) or 自(じ)若(じゃく)たる (jijaku taru), adverbial 自(じ)若(じゃく)と (jijaku to) or 自(じ)若(じゃく)として (jijaku to shite))

(literary) self-possessed; composed; collected; calm and at ease

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "自若たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	自若たら	じじゃくたら	zizyakutara
Continuative (連用形)	自若と^[1] 自若たり^[2]	じじゃくとじじゃくたり	zizyakuto zizyakutari
Terminal (終止形)	自若たり	じじゃくたり	zizyakutari
Attributive (連体形)	自若たる	じじゃくたる	zizyakutaru
Realis (已然形)	自若たれ	じじゃくたれ	zizyakutare
Imperative (命令形)	自若たれ	じじゃくたれ	zizyakutare
Key constructions
Negative	自若たらず	じじゃくたらず	zizyakutarazu
Contrasting conjunction	自若たれど	じじゃくたれど	zizyakutaredo
Causal conjunction	自若たれば	じじゃくたれば	zizyakutareba
Conditional conjunction	自若たらば	じじゃくたらば	zizyakutaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	自若たりき	じじゃくたりき	zizyakutariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	自若たりけり	じじゃくたりけり	zizyakutarikeri
Adverbial	自若と	じじゃくと	zizyakuto

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Derived terms

神(しん)色(しょく)自(じ)若(じゃく) (shinshoku jijaku)
泰(たい)然(ぜん)自(じ)若(じゃく) (taizen jijaku)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“自若”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	若

Noun

自若 • (jayak) (hangeul 자약)

hanja form^? of 자약

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]