老化

Chinese

		old; aged; venerable old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (老化)		老	化
simp. ^#(老化)		老	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǎohuà

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁵ faa³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ló-fa
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): láu-hòa / lāu-hòa / nó͘-hòa

(Teochew, Peng'im): lao⁶ huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǎohuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǎohuà
  - Wade–Giles: lao³-hua⁴
  - Yale: lǎu-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laohuah
  - Palladius: лаохуа (laoxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    老化
    老話 / 老话
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lou⁵ faa³
  - Yale: lóuh fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁵ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁵ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯¹³ faː³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    老化
    鹵化 / 卤化
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ló-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: lo^ˋ fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lo³ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lo³¹ fa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: láu-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: law'hoax
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāu-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: lāu-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lauxhoax
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lau³³⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lau²²⁻²¹ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau³³⁻²¹ hua²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nó͘-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: nóo-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nofhoax
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lao⁶ huê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lău huè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lau³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

Verb

老化

(literal, of a person or population) to age; to grow old
(figurative) to become outdated; to become obsolete
(chemistry) to age
to degenerate; to atrophy

Synonyms

(to grow old): 變老／变老 (biànlǎo)
(to degenerate): 退化 (tuìhuà)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
老	化
ろう Grade: 4	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ろーか [ròóká] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ːka̠]

Noun

老(ろう)化(か) • (rōka)

aging

Verb

老(ろう)化(か)する • (rōka suru) intransitive suru (stem 老(ろう)化(か)し (rōka shi), past 老(ろう)化(か)した (rōka shita))

to age

Conjugation

Conjugation of "老化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	老化し	ろうかし	rōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	老化し	ろうかし	rōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	老化する	ろうかする	rōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	老化する	ろうかする	rōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	老化すれ	ろうかすれ	rōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	老化せよ¹ 老化しろ²	ろうかせよ¹ ろうかしろ²	rōka seyo¹ rōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	老化される	ろうかされる	rōka sareru
Causative	老化させる老化さす	ろうかさせるろうかさす	rōka saseru rōka sasu
Potential	老化できる	ろうかできる	rōka dekiru
Volitional	老化しよう	ろうかしよう	rōka shiyō
Negative	老化しない	ろうかしない	rōka shinai
Negative continuative	老化せず	ろうかせず	rōka sezu
Formal	老化します	ろうかします	rōka shimasu
Perfective	老化した	ろうかした	rōka shita
Conjunctive	老化して	ろうかして	rōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	老化すれば	ろうかすれば	rōka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“老化”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
老	化

Noun

老化 • (nohwa) (hangeul 노화)

hanja form^? of 노화 (“aging”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
老	化

Verb

老化

chữ Hán form of lão hóa (“to age”)