結界

See also: 结界

Chinese

		knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit) knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind	boundary; scope; extent boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)
trad. (結界)		結	界
simp. (结界)		结	界

Etymology

"force field": Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 結界(けっかい) (kekkai).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiéjiè

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ gaai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiéjiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiéjiè
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²-chieh⁴
  - Yale: jyé-jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyejieh
  - Palladius: цзецзе (czecze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: git³ gaai³
  - Yale: git gaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ gaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gid³ gai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ kaːi̯³³/

Noun

結界

(Buddhism) boundary; restricted area
(Buddhism) a gloss for the Sanskrit term sīmābandha
(fiction, chiefly ACG) force field; invisible barrier

Japanese

Kanji in this term
結	界
けつ > けっ Grade: 4	かい Grade: 3
kan'on

Etymology

Originally a Buddhist term borrowed from Middle Chinese 結界 (MC ket keajH),^[1]^[2] itself a translation of Sanskrit सीमाबन्ध (sīmābandha, literally “boundary, edge + bounded”).^[3]^[4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けっかい [kéꜜkkàì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[5]^[6]
IPA^(key): [ke̞k̚ka̠i]

Noun

結(けっ)界(かい) • (kekkai)

(Buddhism) restricted access:
1. restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training
2. in esoteric Buddhism, restricted access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification
3. a wooden fence or partition separating the inner and outer sanctuaries of a temple, or separating monastic and public seating in the outer sanctuary
4. an area into which anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training is restricted from entering, such as a 女人結界 (nyonin kekkai, “no-women zone”)
a lattice or screen demarcating a merchant's or shopkeeper's register and bookkeeping area
(tea) an item used in 茶道 (sadō, “tea ceremony”) to visually separate the guest tatami area from the ceremony tatami area
(fantasy) on a small scale, meaning a projected energy barrier, force field, or shield; and on a larger scale, meaning a pocket universe, spiritual or otherwise
結界(けっかい)を張(は)る
kekkai o haru
to set up a force field

Synonyms

(shield): 盾(たて) (tate), 楯(たて) (tate); 保護物(ほごぶつ) (hogobutsu)
(folding screen): 屏風(びょうふ) (byōfu)
(barrier): 障壁(しょうへき) (shōheki)

Derived terms

女人結界(にょにんけっかい) (nyonin kekkai): no-women zone
結界石(けっかいせき) (kekkaiseki): temple border stone
結界地(けっかいち) (kekkaichi): restricted access area
結界術(けっかいじゅつ) (kekkai jutsu): force field or barrier technique
結界限界(けっかいげんかい) (kekkai genkai): force field limit
結界忍術(けっかいにんじゅつ) (kekkai ninjutsu): ninja barrier technique
結界師(けっかいし) (kekkaishi): barrier master or specialist

Verb

結(けっ)界(かい)する • (kekkai suru) suru (stem 結(けっ)界(かい)し (kekkai shi), past 結(けっ)界(かい)した (kekkai shita))

(Buddhism) to restrict access:
1. to restrict access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training
2. in esoteric Buddhism, to restrict access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification
3. to restrict anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training from entering into an area

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "結界する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	結界し	けっかいし	kekkai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	結界し	けっかいし	kekkai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	結界する	けっかいする	kekkai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	結界する	けっかいする	kekkai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	結界すれ	けっかいすれ	kekkai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	結界せよ¹ 結界しろ²	けっかいせよ¹ けっかいしろ²	kekkai seyo¹ kekkai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	結界される	けっかいされる	kekkai sareru
Causative	結界させる結界さす	けっかいさせるけっかいさす	kekkai saseru kekkai sasu
Potential	結界できる	けっかいできる	kekkai dekiru
Volitional	結界しよう	けっかいしよう	kekkai shiyō
Negative	結界しない	けっかいしない	kekkai shinai
Negative continuative	結界せず	けっかいせず	kekkai sezu
Formal	結界します	けっかいします	kekkai shimasu
Perfective	結界した	けっかいした	kekkai shita
Conjunctive	結界して	けっかいして	kekkai shite
Hypothetical conditional	結界すれば	けっかいすれば	kekkai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “結界”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
^ “結界”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“結界”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
結	界

Noun

結界

chữ Hán form of kết giới (“forcefield”)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJS-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[3] “結界”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

[4] “結界”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN

[DJR-5] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-6] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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