紅葉づ
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 紅 | 葉 |
| もみ | |
| Grade: 6 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun | |
Alternative forms
Etymology
⟨mo(1)mi1tu⟩ → */mʷomʲitu/ → */mʷomʲidu/ → /momid͡ʑu/ → /momizu/
Shift from Old Japanese 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) verb 紅葉つ (momitu → momitsu). Realized as the 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) in Middle Japanese.[1][2]
The kanji spelling is from 紅葉 (“red, crimson + leaf”).
Verb
紅葉づ • (momizu) ←もみづ (momidu)?intransitive †nidan
- (of leaves, archaic) to turn (change colors) in autumn
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 15, poem 820)
- 時雨つつもみづるよりも言の葉の心の秋にあふぞわびしき
- shiguretsutsu momizuru yori mo koto no ha no kokoro no aki ni au zo wabishiki
- Still more saddening than the leaves of trees changing in year-end drizzles―the encounter of old vows with the autumn of your love.[3]
- 時雨つつもみづるよりも言の葉の心の秋にあふぞわびしき
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 15, poem 820)
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 紅葉ぢ | もみぢ | momidi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 紅葉ぢ | もみぢ | momidi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 紅葉づ | もみづ | momidu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 紅葉づる | もみづる | momiduru |
| Realis (已然形) | 紅葉づれ | もみづれ | momidure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 紅葉ぢよ | もみぢよ | momidiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 紅葉ぢず | もみぢず | momidizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 紅葉づれど | もみづれど | momiduredo |
| Causal conjunction | 紅葉づれば | もみづれば | momidureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 紅葉ぢば | もみぢば | momidiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 紅葉ぢき | もみぢき | momidiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 紅葉ぢけり | もみぢけり | momidikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 紅葉ぢつ | もみぢつ | momiditu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 紅葉ぢぬ | もみぢぬ | momidinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 紅葉ぢたり | もみぢたり | momiditari |
| Volitional | 紅葉ぢむ | もみぢむ | momidimu |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985), Kokin Wakashū: The First Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry, with Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka, illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 178