精製

Chinese

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	manufacture
trad. (精製)		精	製
simp. (精制)		精	制

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngzhì

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ zai³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-chè / cheng-chì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngzhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingjhìh
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-chih⁴
  - Yale: jīng-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjyh
  - Palladius: цзинчжи (czinčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    晶質 / 晶质
    精緻 / 精致
    精製 / 精制
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹ zai³
  - Yale: jīng jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengzex
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ t͡se⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-chì
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengcix
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

Verb

精製

to make with extra care; to refine

Adjective

精製

(attributive) refined (purified, reduced in or freed from impurities)
精製金屬／精制金属 ― jīngzhì jīnshǔ ― refined metal

二次精製鹽水／二次精制盐水 ― èrcì jīngzhì yánshuǐ ― secondary refined brine

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (精製):

→ Japanese: 精製(せいせい) (seisei)
→ Korean: 정제(精製) (jeongje)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
精	製
せい Grade: 5	せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーせー [sèéséé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ːse̞ː]

Noun

精(せい)製(せい) • (seisei) ^{←せいせい (seisei)^?}

Coordinate terms

粗製(そせい) (sosei)

Verb

精(せい)製(せい)する • (seisei suru) ^{←せいせい (seisei)^?}suru (stem 精(せい)製(せい)し (seisei shi), past 精(せい)製(せい)した (seisei shita))

to produce with quality
to refine

Conjugation

Conjugation of "精製する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	精製し	せいせいし	seisei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	精製し	せいせいし	seisei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	精製する	せいせいする	seisei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	精製する	せいせいする	seisei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	精製すれ	せいせいすれ	seisei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	精製せよ¹ 精製しろ²	せいせいせよ¹ せいせいしろ²	seisei seyo¹ seisei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	精製される	せいせいされる	seisei sareru
Causative	精製させる精製さす	せいせいさせるせいせいさす	seisei saseru seisei sasu
Potential	精製できる	せいせいできる	seisei dekiru
Volitional	精製しよう	せいせいしよう	seisei shiyō
Negative	精製しない	せいせいしない	seisei shinai
Negative continuative	精製せず	せいせいせず	seisei sezu
Formal	精製します	せいせいします	seisei shimasu
Perfective	精製した	せいせいした	seisei shita
Conjunctive	精製して	せいせいして	seisei shite
Hypothetical conditional	精製すれば	せいせいすれば	seisei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“精製”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026