立ち聞き

Japanese

Kanji in this term
立	聞
た Grade: 1	き > ぎ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 立ち (tachi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 立つ tatsu “to stand”) +‎ 聞き (kiki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 聞く kiku “to hear, to listen”).^[1]^[2] The kiki changes to giki as an instance of rendaku (連(れん)濁(だく)).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たちぎき [tàchígíkí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ta̠t͡ɕiɡʲikʲi]

Noun

立(た)ち聞(ぎ)き • (tachigiki)

eavesdropping
a type of bit ring found in Japanese riding tack: a ring on either end of the bit that goes into a horse's mouth, used to attach the bridle, or used purely decoratively to attach tassels
This is not the rein ring, to which the reins are attached.

The derivation of this sense is unknown.

Synonyms

(eavesdropping): 盗(ぬす)み聞(ぎ)き (nusumigiki), 盗(とう)聴(ちょう) (tōchō)

Related terms

(bit ring): 轡(くつわ) (kutsuwa): a horse bit

Verb

立(た)ち聞(ぎ)きする • (tachigiki suru) suru (stem 立(た)ち聞(ぎ)きし (tachigiki shi), past 立(た)ち聞(ぎ)きした (tachigiki shita))

to eavesdrop

Conjugation

Conjugation of "立ち聞きする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	立ち聞きし	たちぎきし	tachigiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	立ち聞きし	たちぎきし	tachigiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	立ち聞きする	たちぎきする	tachigiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	立ち聞きする	たちぎきする	tachigiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	立ち聞きすれ	たちぎきすれ	tachigiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	立ち聞きせよ¹ 立ち聞きしろ²	たちぎきせよ¹ たちぎきしろ²	tachigiki seyo¹ tachigiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	立ち聞きされる	たちぎきされる	tachigiki sareru
Causative	立ち聞きさせる立ち聞きさす	たちぎきさせるたちぎきさす	tachigiki saseru tachigiki sasu
Potential	立ち聞きできる	たちぎきできる	tachigiki dekiru
Volitional	立ち聞きしよう	たちぎきしよう	tachigiki shiyō
Negative	立ち聞きしない	たちぎきしない	tachigiki shinai
Negative continuative	立ち聞きせず	たちぎきせず	tachigiki sezu
Formal	立ち聞きします	たちぎきします	tachigiki shimasu
Perfective	立ち聞きした	たちぎきした	tachigiki shita
Conjunctive	立ち聞きして	たちぎきして	tachigiki shite
Hypothetical conditional	立ち聞きすれば	たちぎきすれば	tachigiki sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

盗(ぬす)み聞(ぎ)き (nusumigiki)
盗(とう)聴(ちょう) (tōchō)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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