窄める
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 窄 |
| すぼ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 窄める |
| mediopassive | 窄まる |
Etymology 1
The transitive form of 窄む (subomu, “to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”), from the adjective 窄い (suboi, “tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”).
Root stem /subo-/ is semantically and phonetically similar to root /ɕibo/ (a pucker or wrinkle; see 皺 (shibo)).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) すぼめる [sùbómérú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) すぼめる [sùbóméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]
Verb
窄める • (subomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄め (subome), past 窄めた (subometa))
Usage notes
/subomeru/ and /tsubomeru/ are mostly identical, differing in connotation: /subomeru/ implies bringing together or scrunching up something that was broad and spreading, as in cloth or one's mouth; whereas /tsubomeru/ implies closing down or narrowing something that was open wide, as an umbrella. This distinction is minor, however.
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 窄め | すぼめ | subome |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 窄め | すぼめ | subome |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 窄める | すぼめる | subomeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 窄める | すぼめる | subomeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 窄めれ | すぼめれ | subomere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 窄めよ¹ 窄めろ² |
すぼめよ¹ すぼめろ² |
subomeyo¹ subomero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 窄められる | すぼめられる | subomerareru |
| Causative | 窄めさせる 窄めさす |
すぼめさせる すぼめさす |
subomesaseru subomesasu |
| Potential | 窄められる 窄めれる³ |
すぼめられる すぼめれる³ |
subomerareru subomereru³ |
| Volitional | 窄めよう | すぼめよう | subomeyō |
| Negative | 窄めない 窄めぬ 窄めん |
すぼめない すぼめぬ すぼめん |
subomenai subomenu subomen |
| Negative continuative | 窄めず | すぼめず | subomezu |
| Formal | 窄めます | すぼめます | subomemasu |
| Perfective | 窄めた | すぼめた | subometa |
| Conjunctive | 窄めて | すぼめて | subomete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 窄めれば | すぼめれば | subomereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
See also
- 窄まる (subomaru): to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 窄 |
| つぼ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 窄める |
| mediopassive | 窄まる |
The transitive form of 窄む (tsubomu, “to be narrowed, scrunched up”), probably as a shift from /subomu/ influenced by 蕾む / 莟む (tsubomu, “to form a bud”), ultimately from root /t͡subo/ (a container, a vessel) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”): see 壺 (tsubo, “a vessel, a basin, a container”).
Pronunciation
Verb
窄める • (tsubomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄め (tsubome), past 窄めた (tsubometa))
- to narrow something, to scrunch something up:
Usage notes
/subomeru/ and /tsubomeru/ are mostly identical, differing in connotation: /subomeru/ implies bringing together or scrunching up something that was broad and spreading, as in cloth or one's mouth; whereas /tsubomeru/ implies closing down or narrowing something that was open wide, as an umbrella. This distinction is minor, however.
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 窄め | つぼめ | tsubome |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 窄め | つぼめ | tsubome |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 窄める | つぼめる | tsubomeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 窄める | つぼめる | tsubomeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 窄めれ | つぼめれ | tsubomere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 窄めよ¹ 窄めろ² |
つぼめよ¹ つぼめろ² |
tsubomeyo¹ tsubomero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 窄められる | つぼめられる | tsubomerareru |
| Causative | 窄めさせる 窄めさす |
つぼめさせる つぼめさす |
tsubomesaseru tsubomesasu |
| Potential | 窄められる 窄めれる³ |
つぼめられる つぼめれる³ |
tsubomerareru tsubomereru³ |
| Volitional | 窄めよう | つぼめよう | tsubomeyō |
| Negative | 窄めない 窄めぬ 窄めん |
つぼめない つぼめぬ つぼめん |
tsubomenai tsubomenu tsubomen |
| Negative continuative | 窄めず | つぼめず | tsubomezu |
| Formal | 窄めます | つぼめます | tsubomemasu |
| Perfective | 窄めた | つぼめた | tsubometa |
| Conjunctive | 窄めて | つぼめて | tsubomete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 窄めれば | つぼめれば | tsubomereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
See also
- 窄まる (tsubomaru): to become narrowed, pulled together, scrunched up