禁じる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 禁 |
| きん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
Shift from verb 禁ずる (kinzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) きんじる [kìńjírú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) きんじる [kìńjíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3][5]
- IPA(key): [kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɾɯ̟]
Verb
禁じる • (kinjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 禁じ (kinji), past 禁じた (kinjita))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 禁じ | きんじ | kinji |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 禁じ | きんじ | kinji |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 禁じる | きんじる | kinjiru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 禁じる | きんじる | kinjiru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 禁じれ | きんじれ | kinjire |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 禁じよ¹ 禁じろ² |
きんじよ¹ きんじろ² |
kinjiyo¹ kinjiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 禁じられる | きんじられる | kinjirareru |
| Causative | 禁じさせる 禁じさす |
きんじさせる きんじさす |
kinjisaseru kinjisasu |
| Potential | 禁じられる 禁じれる³ |
きんじられる きんじれる³ |
kinjirareru kinjireru³ |
| Volitional | 禁じよう | きんじよう | kinjiyō |
| Negative | 禁じない 禁じぬ 禁じん |
きんじない きんじぬ きんじん |
kinjinai kinjinu kinjin |
| Negative continuative | 禁じず | きんじず | kinjizu |
| Formal | 禁じます | きんじます | kinjimasu |
| Perfective | 禁じた | きんじた | kinjita |
| Conjunctive | 禁じて | きんじて | kinjite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 禁じれば | きんじれば | kinjireba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Synonyms
- 禁ずる (kinzuru)
Related terms
- 禁ずる (kinzuru)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- “禁じる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026