確信
See also: 确信
Chinese
authenticated; solid; firm authenticated; solid; firm; real; true |
letter; true; to believe letter; true; to believe; sign; evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (確信) | 確 | 信 | |
| simp. (确信) | 确 | 信 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kok3 seon3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khok-sin
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khak-sìn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: quèxìn
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyuèsìn
- Wade–Giles: chʻüeh4-hsin4
- Yale: chywè-syìn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuehshinn
- Palladius: цюэсинь (cjuesinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kok3 seon3
- Yale: kok seun
- Cantonese Pinyin: kok8 soen3
- Guangdong Romanization: kog3 sên3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔːk̚³ sɵn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok-sin
- Hakka Romanization System: kogˋ xin
- Hagfa Pinyim: kog5 xin4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰok̚² sin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak-sìn
- Tâi-lô: khak-sìn
- Phofsit Daibuun: qaksixn
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ sin²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²⁻⁵ sin²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ sin¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ sin²¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
確信
Synonyms
Noun
確信
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 確 | 信 |
| かく Grade: 5 |
しん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
確信 • (kakushin)
- conviction, confidence in
- 2025 June 10, 田村まみ [Mami Tamura], quotee, “第217回国会 参議院 厚生労働委員会 第19号 令和7年6月10日 [217th Diet, House of Councillors, Committee on Health, Labor and Welfare, No. 19, June 10, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System][1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 30 August 2025:
- で、それしないと結局変わらないわけなので、それを始める時間を早くしなければもう絶対に進まないという確信があるんです。
- De, sore shinai to kekkyoku kawaranai wake na no de, sore o hajimeru jikan o hayaku shinakereba mō zettai ni susumanai to iu kakushin ga aru n desu.
- If we don't do that, nothing will change in the end, so I'm convinced that if we don't start sooner, we'll never make any progress.
Verb
確信する • (kakushin suru) transitive suru (stem 確信し (kakushin shi), past 確信した (kakushin shita))
- to be convinced that
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 確信し | かくしんし | kakushin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 確信し | かくしんし | kakushin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 確信する | かくしんする | kakushin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 確信する | かくしんする | kakushin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 確信すれ | かくしんすれ | kakushin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 確信せよ¹ 確信しろ² |
かくしんせよ¹ かくしんしろ² |
kakushin seyo¹ kakushin shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 確信される | かくしんされる | kakushin sareru |
| Causative | 確信させる 確信さす |
かくしんさせる かくしんさす |
kakushin saseru kakushin sasu |
| Potential | 確信できる | かくしんできる | kakushin dekiru |
| Volitional | 確信しよう | かくしんしよう | kakushin shiyō |
| Negative | 確信しない | かくしんしない | kakushin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 確信せず | かくしんせず | kakushin sezu |
| Formal | 確信します | かくしんします | kakushin shimasu |
| Perfective | 確信した | かくしんした | kakushin shita |
| Conjunctive | 確信して | かくしんして | kakushin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 確信すれば | かくしんすれば | kakushin sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “確信”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 確 | 信 |
Noun
確信 • (hwaksin) (hangeul 확신)
- hanja form? of 확신 (“conviction, confidence”)