瓦解

Chinese

		tile	to loosen; to untie; to explain to loosen; to untie; to explain; to remove; to divide; to dissolve; to solve; solution; send under escort
trad. (瓦解)		瓦	解
simp. ^#(瓦解)		瓦	解

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǎjiě

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄝˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa⁵ gaai²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): óa-kái

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǎjiě [Phonetic: wájiě]
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄝˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǎjiě
  - Wade–Giles: wa³-chieh³
  - Yale: wǎ-jyě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woajiee
  - Palladius: вацзе (vacze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaa⁵ gaai²
  - Yale: ngáh gáai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁵ gaai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: nga⁵ gai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaː¹³ kaːi̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óa-kái
  - Tâi-lô: uá-kái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafkae
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kai⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: ngwaeX|ngwaeH keaX

Rime
Character	瓦	瓦	解
Reading #	1/2	2/2	2/4
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)	麻 (99)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	II	II
Fanqie	五寡切	五化切	佳買切
Baxter	ngwaeX	ngwaeH	keaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠua^X/	/ŋˠua^H/	/kˠɛ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚa^X/	/ŋʷᵚa^H/	/kᵚæ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋua^X/	/ŋua^H/	/kæi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaɨ^X/	/ŋwaɨ^H/	/kaɨj^X/
Li Rong	/ŋua^X/	/ŋua^H/	/kɛ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋwa^X/	/ŋwa^H/	/kai^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋwa^X/	/ŋwa^H/	/kai^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǎ	wà	jiǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaa⁵	ngaa⁶	gaai²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ kˤreʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷraːlʔ|ŋʷraːls kreːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瓦	解
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǎ	jiě
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwæ^X ›	‹ kɛ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋʷˁra[j]ʔ/	/*kˁreʔ/
English	roof tile	cut up; unloose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瓦	瓦	解
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/4
No.	12601	12603	6474
Phonetic component	瓦	瓦	解
Rime group	歌	歌	支
Rime subdivision	1	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	瓦	瓦	解
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷraːlʔ/	/*ŋʷraːls/	/*kreːʔ/

Verb

瓦解

(intransitive) to disintegrate (like smashed earthenware); to collapse; to crumble; to fall apart
他的婚姻瓦解了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Tā de hūnyīn wǎjiě le. [Pinyin]
His marriage fell apart.
(intransitive) to disperse; to break away; to scatter away
- 於是百姓離心瓦解，欲為亂者十家而七。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  于是百姓离心瓦解，欲为乱者十家而七。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Yúshì bǎixìng líxīn wǎjiě, yù wéiluàn zhě shí jiā ér qī. [Pinyin]
  At that time the people withdrew their support and broke away (from Qin). Out of every ten households, seven desired armed rebellion.
- 其困敗，則瓦解雲散矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其困败，则瓦解云散矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Qí kùnbài, zé wǎjiě yúnsàn yǐ. [Pinyin]
  When the battle becomes unfavourable, they disperse and disappear.
(transitive) to make something crumble; to crush; to destroy
瓦解敵人／瓦解敌人 ― wǎjiě dírén ― to crush the enemy

Synonyms

(to disintegrate):

倒冧 (dou² lam³) (Cantonese)
倒塌 (dǎotā)
傾覆 / 倾覆 (qīngfù)
凹陷 (āoxiàn)
坍塌 (tāntā)
垮 (kuǎ)
垮臺 / 垮台 (kuǎtái) (figurative)
塌 (tā)
塌方 (tāfāng)
塌臺 / 塌台 (tātái) (figurative)
塌落 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
塌頭 / 塌头 (Xiamen Hokkien)
崩坍 (bēngtān)
崩塌 (bēngtā)
崩敗 / 崩败 (Hokkien, Teochew)
崩潰 / 崩溃 (bēngkuì)
崩裂 (bēngliè)
崩陷 (Hokkien, literary)
窞肚 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
解體 / 解体 (jiětǐ)
陷落 (xiànluò)

Derived terms

冰散瓦解
冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
土崩瓦解 (tǔbēngwǎjiě)
望風瓦解 / 望风瓦解
瓦解冰泮
瓦解冰消
瓦解冰銷 / 瓦解冰销
瓦解土崩
瓦解星散
瓦解星飛 / 瓦解星飞
瓦解雲散 / 瓦解云散

Japanese

Kanji in this term
瓦	解
が Grade: S	かい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡa̠ka̠i]

Noun

瓦(が)解(かい) • (gakai)

collapse, downfall, destruction

Verb

瓦(が)解(かい)する • (gakai suru) suru (stem 瓦(が)解(かい)し (gakai shi), past 瓦(が)解(かい)した (gakai shita))

to fall apart, to go to pieces

Conjugation

Conjugation of "瓦解する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	瓦解し	がかいし	gakai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	瓦解し	がかいし	gakai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	瓦解する	がかいする	gakai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	瓦解する	がかいする	gakai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	瓦解すれ	がかいすれ	gakai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	瓦解せよ¹ 瓦解しろ²	がかいせよ¹ がかいしろ²	gakai seyo¹ gakai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	瓦解される	がかいされる	gakai sareru
Causative	瓦解させる瓦解さす	がかいさせるがかいさす	gakai saseru gakai sasu
Potential	瓦解できる	がかいできる	gakai dekiru
Volitional	瓦解しよう	がかいしよう	gakai shiyō
Negative	瓦解しない	がかいしない	gakai shinai
Negative continuative	瓦解せず	がかいせず	gakai sezu
Formal	瓦解します	がかいします	gakai shimasu
Perfective	瓦解した	がかいした	gakai shita
Conjunctive	瓦解して	がかいして	gakai shite
Hypothetical conditional	瓦解すれば	がかいすれば	gakai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“瓦解”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
瓦	解

Noun

瓦解 • (wahae) (hangeul 와해)

hanja form^? of 와해 (“fall apart”)