玻璃
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (玻璃) | 玻 | 璃 | |
| simp. #(玻璃) | 玻 | 璃 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 玻玏 | ||
| alternative forms | 玻瓈／玻璃 | ||
Etymology
From Prakrit 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia) (Ji, 1998v4); from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Pali phalika (“crystal”), Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlək), etc. The meaning has been shifted to refer to glass (the material).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Gan (Wiktionary): bo1 li
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): be1 li3
- Eastern Min (BUC): bŏ̤-là̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor1 li2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1pu-li
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bōli
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊
- Wade–Giles: po1-li5
- Yale: bwō-li
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.li
- Palladius: боли (boli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, former standard in Mainland, common variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bōlí
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bolí
- Wade–Giles: po1-li2
- Yale: bwō-lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
- Palladius: боли (boli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bo1 ni2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bo li
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁵⁵ ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Yale: bō lēi / bō lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: bo1 léi4-1 / bo1 léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
- Hakka Romanization System: boˊ liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo1 li2
- Sinological IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: boˋ li
- Sinological IPA: /po⁵³ li⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bor1 li2 [Phonetic: bor5 li2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bo̤-lí
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ li¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bor1 li2 [Phonetic: bor5 li2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ li²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-lê
- Tâi-lô: po-lê
- Phofsit Daibuun: poilee
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /po³³ le²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /po⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bo1 li5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po lî
- Sinological IPA (key): /po³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: pha lje
Noun
玻璃
- glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m c)
- 玻璃吹製／玻璃吹制 ― bōli chuīzhì ― glassblowing
- 小心玻璃。 ― Xiǎoxīn bōli. ― Caution — glass door.
- 揭簾再進，即在頭艙之頂，床亦旁設，中間方窗嵌以玻璃，不火而光滿一室，蓋對船之燈光也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: w:Shen Fu, Six Records of a Floating Life, late 18th century CE– early 19th century CE
- Jiē lián zài jìn, jí zài tóucāng zhī dǐng, chuáng yì páng shè, zhōngjiān fāngchuāng qiàn yǐ bōlí, bù huǒ ér guāng mǎn yī shì, gài duì chuán zhī dēngguāng yě. [Pinyin]
- Lifting up a door-curtain and going further forward, we came to a cabin immediately above the main cabin. The bed was along the side here as well, and in the middle of the wall was a square window inlaid with glass, so that even without candles light filled the room from the lantern of the boat facing ours.
揭帘再进，即在头舱之顶，床亦旁设，中间方窗嵌以玻璃，不火而光满一室，盖对船之灯光也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
- (Wuhan Mandarin, humorous) eyeglasses; spectacles
- (Sichuanese, humorous) plain boiled water
- (slang) gay person; male homosexual
Synonyms
- (glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)
- (eyeglasses):
Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]
Derived terms
- 光學玻璃 / 光学玻璃
- 吸熱玻璃 / 吸热玻璃
- 吹玻璃
- 塑膠玻璃 / 塑胶玻璃
- 安全玻璃
- 嵌玻璃
- 強化玻璃 / 强化玻璃
- 彩繪玻璃 / 彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
- 彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
- 擋風玻璃 / 挡风玻璃
- 有機玻璃 / 有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
- 有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
- 毛玻璃 (máobōli)
- 水晶心肝玻璃人
- 水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
- 泡沫玻璃
- 火玻璃
- 玻璃圈
- 玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
- 玻璃小鞋
- 玻璃布
- 玻璃帷幕
- 玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
- 玻璃心肝
- 玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
- 玻璃泉
- 玻璃浮雕
- 玻璃液
- 玻璃烤
- 玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
- 玻璃狀態 / 玻璃状态
- 玻璃畫 / 玻璃画
- 玻璃目
- 玻璃磚 / 玻璃砖
- 玻璃窗
- 玻璃粉
- 玻璃紐 / 玻璃纽
- 玻璃紙 / 玻璃纸
- 玻璃絲 / 玻璃丝
- 玻璃絲襪 / 玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
- 玻璃纖維 / 玻璃纤维
- 玻璃質肥料 / 玻璃质肥料
- 玻璃鋼 / 玻璃钢
- 玻璃門 / 玻璃门
- 玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
- 玻璃體 / 玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
- 石英玻璃
- 硬玻璃
- 硼玻璃
- 磨砂玻璃 (móshā bōli)
- 結晶玻璃 / 结晶玻璃
- 花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
- 鈷玻璃 / 钴玻璃
- 鉛玻璃 / 铅玻璃
- 鋼化玻璃 / 钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)
Descendants
Others:
- → Vietnamese: pha lê
References
- Duffus, William (1883), “glass”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 123
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 玻 | 璃 |
| は Hyōgai |
り Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
玻璃 • (hari)
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- “▲玻璃”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 玻 | 璃 |
Noun
玻璃
- chữ Hán form of pha lê (“lead glass; crystal”)