焚く

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
焚
た Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears since at least the Man'yōshū (759).^[1] Speculatively associated with Korean 타다 (tada), but this poses issues.^[2]

(to cook on a fire): The sense initially described cooking rice grains, which were also used by 煮る (niru) and 炊ぐ (kashigu); by Early Modern Japanese it was used to describe cooking/boiling food in general. Such usage of cooking both rice and vegetables is most notable in the Kansai dialects, while the Tohoku dialects continue to use 煮る (niru) for cooking both rice and vegetables.

Verb

焚(た)く • (taku) transitive godan (stem 焚(た)き (taki), past 焚(た)いた (taita))

[from 759] to burn/light a fire; to throw into a fire
Synonym: くべる (kuberu, “to throw into a fire”)
[from 794] to smoke
[from 1480] 炊く: to cook food through a fire; to boil; to heat water
Synonyms: 煮る (niru), 炊ぐ (kashigu)
- 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:
  Taqi, u, aita. Fazer fogo com lenha, ou palba. Vt, Xiuouo taqu. Fazer ſal ¶ Furouo taqu. Fazer fogo nos banhos, ou aquentar agoa dos banhos. ¶ Cǒuo taqu. Queimar cheiros.
  Taki/taku/taita. Make fire with firewood, or straws. E.g. shiwo wo taku. To make salt. ¶ Furo wo taku. Make fire in a bath, or heat water of a bath. ¶ Kau wo taku. Burn the smells.
to instigate
(photography) use (a flash)
フラッシュを焚(た)く
furasshu o taku
to use flash
[from 1915] (thief cant) to drink saké

Conjugation

Conjugation of "焚く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	焚か	たか	taka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	焚き	たき	taki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	焚く	たく	taku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	焚く	たく	taku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	焚け	たけ	take
Meireikei ("imperative")	焚け	たけ	take
Key constructions
Passive	焚かれる	たかれる	takareru
Causative	焚かせる焚かす	たかせるたかす	takaseru takasu
Potential	焚ける	たける	takeru
Volitional	焚こう	たこう	takō
Negative	焚かない	たかない	takanai
Negative continuative	焚かず	たかず	takazu
Formal	焚きます	たきます	takimasu
Perfective	焚いた	たいた	taita
Conjunctive	焚いて	たいて	taite
Hypothetical conditional	焚けば	たけば	takeba

Derived terms

炊(た)き上(あ)がる (takiagaru)
炊(た)き上(あ)げ (takiage)
炊(た)き上(あ)げる (takiageru)
炊(た)き合(あ)わせ (takiawase)
炊(た)き入(い)れ (takīre)
炊(た)き置(お)き (takioki), 焚(た)き置(お)き (takioki)
焚(た)き落(お)とし (takiotoshi)
炊(た)き返(かえ)す (takikaesu)
薫(た)き掛(か)け (takikake)
炊(た)き殻(がら) (takigara)
薪(たきぎ) (takigi)
焚(た)き火(び) (takibi)

References

^ “焚く”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Vovin, Alexander (2010), Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, pages 113-114

“^▲焚く”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[1] “焚く”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[2] Vovin, Alexander (2010), Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, pages 113-114

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