満を持す
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 満 | 持 |
| まん Grade: 4 |
じ Grade: 3 |
| goon | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 滿を持す (kyūjitai) |
Alternative forms
- 満を持する (man o jisuru, more modern variant)
Etymology
Verb phrase comprised of 満 (man, “full; fullness”) + を (o, accusative particle marking the object) + 持す (jisu, “to hold, to keep”). Literally, "to hold the fullness", and figuratively, "to keep one's bow fully drawn".[1][2]
First attested in Japanese in the 1827 work, the Nihon Gaishi by Rai San'yō.[1]
From the "Hereditary Houses" chapter within the Records of the Grand Historian covering the hereditary lineage of Zhou Bo. During the Western Han dynasty, the emperor was visiting a general, Zhou Yafu, who was guarding against barbarians to the north. His soldiers were properly armoured, with swords sharpened, and bows drawn with arrows ready to be loosed at any time. However, regardless of what orders the emperor gave the soldiers, they refused to stand down and return to the camp, because Zhou Yafu had trained his soldiers to only follow the general's orders.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ma̠ɰ̃ o̞ d͡ʑisɨ]
Verb
満を持す • (man o jisu) transitive †-se
- to wait for the perfect opportunity, to wait for the right time, to bide one's time
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 満を持せ | まんをじせ | man wo zise |
| Continuative (連用形) | 満を持し | まんをじし | man wo zisi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 満を持す | まんをじす | man wo zisu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 満を持する | まんをじする | man wo zisuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 満を持すれ | まんをじすれ | man wo zisure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 満を持せよ | まんをじせよ | man wo ziseyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 満を持せず | まんをじせず | man wo zisezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 満を持すれど | まんをじすれど | man wo zisuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 満を持すれば | まんをじすれば | man wo zisureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 満を持せば | まんをじせば | man wo ziseba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 満を持しき | まんをじしき | man wo zisiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 満を持しけり | まんをじしけり | man wo zisikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 満を持しつ | まんをじしつ | man wo zisitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 満を持しぬ | まんをじしぬ | man wo zisinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 満を持せり 満を持したり |
まんをじせり まんをじしたり |
man wo ziseri man wo zisitari |
| Volitional | 満を持せむ | まんをじせむ | man wo zisemu |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ 2018, 故事成語を知る辞典 (Koji Seigo wo Shiru Jiten) (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan
- “満を持す”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026