減刑

Chinese

		to lower; to decrease; to reduce to lower; to decrease; to reduce; to subtract; to diminish	punishment
trad. (減刑)		減	刑
simp. (减刑)		减	刑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǎnxíng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam² jing⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiám-hêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): giam² hêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎnxíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎnsíng
  - Wade–Giles: chien³-hsing²
  - Yale: jyǎn-syíng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeanshyng
  - Palladius: цзяньсин (czjanʹsin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaam² jing⁴
  - Yale: gáam yìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam² jing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam² ying⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³⁵ jɪŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám-hêng
  - Tâi-lô: kiám-hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiafmheeng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giam² hêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiám hêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiam⁵²⁻³⁵ heŋ⁵⁵/

Verb

減刑

(law) to mitigate a sentence; to lower a penalty

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (減刑):

→ Japanese: 減刑(げんけい) (genkei)
→ Korean: 감형(減刑) (gamhyeong)
→ Vietnamese: giảm hình (減刑)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
減	刑
げん Grade: 5	けい Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 減 (gen, “to reduce”) +‎ 刑 (kei, “penalty”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) げんけー [gèńkéé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ŋke̞ː]

Noun

減(げん)刑(けい) • (genkei)

(law) lowering a penalty; commutation
- 1947, 恩(おん)赦(しゃ)法(ほう)‎^[1], archived from the original on 31 January 2021:
  
  大(たい)赦(しゃ)、特(とく)赦(しゃ)、減(げん)刑(けい)、刑(けい)の執(しっ)行(こう)の免(めん)除(じょ)及(およ)び復(ふっ)権(けん)については、この法(ほう)律(りつ)の定(さだ)めるところによる。
  Taisha, tokusha, genkei, kei no shikkō no menjo oyobi fukken ni tsuite wa, kono hōritsu no sadameru tokoro ni yoru.
  General pardons, special pardons, commutations of sentence, exemptions from the execution of sentences, and restorations of rights are governed by this Act.

Verb

減(げん)刑(けい)する • (genkei suru) suru (stem 減(げん)刑(けい)し (genkei shi), past 減(げん)刑(けい)した (genkei shita))

(law) to lower a penalty; to commutate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "減刑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	減刑し	げんけいし	genkei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	減刑し	げんけいし	genkei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	減刑する	げんけいする	genkei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	減刑する	げんけいする	genkei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	減刑すれ	げんけいすれ	genkei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	減刑せよ¹ 減刑しろ²	げんけいせよ¹ げんけいしろ²	genkei seyo¹ genkei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	減刑される	げんけいされる	genkei sareru
Causative	減刑させる減刑さす	げんけいさせるげんけいさす	genkei saseru genkei sasu
Potential	減刑できる	げんけいできる	genkei dekiru
Volitional	減刑しよう	げんけいしよう	genkei shiyō
Negative	減刑しない	げんけいしない	genkei shinai
Negative continuative	減刑せず	げんけいせず	genkei sezu
Formal	減刑します	げんけいします	genkei shimasu
Perfective	減刑した	げんけいした	genkei shita
Conjunctive	減刑して	げんけいして	genkei shite
Hypothetical conditional	減刑すれば	げんけいすれば	genkei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“減刑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
減	刑

Verb

減刑

chữ Hán form of giảm hình (“to mitigate a sentence; to lower a penalty”)