消化
Chinese
consume; news; subside consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish |
to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (消化) | 消 | 化 | |
| simp. #(消化) | 消 | 化 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiāohuà
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siaohuà
- Wade–Giles: hsiao1-hua4
- Yale: syāu-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiauhuah
- Palladius: сяохуа (sjaoxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- Homophones:
消化
硝化
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: siu1 faa3
- Yale: sīu fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu1 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu1 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯⁵⁵ faː³³/
- Homophones:
消化
硝化
燒化 / 烧化
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu-fa
- Hakka Romanization System: seuˊ fa
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu1 fa4
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-hòa
- Tâi-lô: siau-huà
- Phofsit Daibuun: siau'hoax
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ hua⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siao1 huê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siau huè
- Sinological IPA (key): /siau³³⁻²³ hue²¹³/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
消化
- (literally) to digest (food)
- (figuratively) to think over; to process; to digest
- (literary) to melt; to dissolve
Synonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 消 | 化 |
| しょう Grade: 3 |
か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 消化 (MC sjew xwaeH).
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
- 消化液 (shōkaeki, “digestive fluids”)
- 消化管 (shōkakan, “alimentary canal”)
- 消化器 (shōkaki, “digestive organs”)
- 消化系 (shōkakei, “digestive system”)
- 消化剤 (shōkazai, “digestive”)
- 消化腺 (shōkasen, “digestive gland”)
- 消化力 (shōkaryoku, “digestive capacity”)
- 消化不良 (shōka furyō, “indigestion, dyspepsia”)
- 消化性潰瘍 (shōka-seikaiyō, “peptic ulcer”)
- 消化管間質腫瘍 (shōkakan-kanshitsu-juyō, “gastrointestinal stromal tumor”)
- 不消化 (fushōka, “indigestion”)
- 未消化 (mishōka, “unfulfilled”)
- 不消化物 (fushōkabutsu, “indigestible materials”)
- 化学的消化 (kagakuteki shōka, “chemical digestion”)
Verb
消化する • (shōka suru) ←せうくわ (seukwa)?suru (stem 消化し (shōka shi), past 消化した (shōka shita))
- to digest
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 消化し | しょうかし | shōka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 消化し | しょうかし | shōka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 消化する | しょうかする | shōka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 消化する | しょうかする | shōka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 消化すれ | しょうかすれ | shōka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 消化せよ¹ 消化しろ² |
しょうかせよ¹ しょうかしろ² |
shōka seyo¹ shōka shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 消化される | しょうかされる | shōka sareru |
| Causative | 消化させる 消化さす |
しょうかさせる しょうかさす |
shōka saseru shōka sasu |
| Potential | 消化できる | しょうかできる | shōka dekiru |
| Volitional | 消化しよう | しょうかしよう | shōka shiyō |
| Negative | 消化しない | しょうかしない | shōka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 消化せず | しょうかせず | shōka sezu |
| Formal | 消化します | しょうかします | shōka shimasu |
| Perfective | 消化した | しょうかした | shōka shita |
| Conjunctive | 消化して | しょうかして | shōka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 消化すれば | しょうかすれば | shōka sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “消化”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 消 | 化 |
Noun
消化 • (sohwa) (hangeul 소화)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 消 | 化 |
Verb
消化