沫

沫	U+6CAB, 沫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CAB

← 沪
[U+6CAA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

沬 →
[U+6CAC]

See also: 沬

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

沫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木十 (EDJ), four-corner 3519₀, composition ⿰氵末)

Derived characters

𬰃

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 612, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17235
Dae Jaweon: page 1006, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1578, character 2
Unihan data for U+6CAB

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (末) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
眛	maːds, mɯːds
沬	maːds, hmɯːds, *mɯds
佅	*mraːds
韎	mreːds, maːd
帓	*mraːd
粖	meːd, maːd
末	*maːd
昩	*maːd
秣	*maːd
靺	*maːd
眜	*maːd
抹	*maːd
妺	*maːd
怽	*maːd
沫	*maːd
袜	*maːd

A phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːd): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 末 (OC *maːd)

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		沫

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mut⁶ / mut³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mot⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ma̍t
Jin (Wiktionary): mah⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): boa̍h / boa̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhuah⁸ / muag⁸ / muêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Yale: mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (沫兒 / 沫儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mòr
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mòr
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: mòr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moll
  - Palladius: мор (mor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mut⁶ / mut³
  - Yale: muht / mut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mut⁹ / mut⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: mud⁶ / mud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːt̚²/, /muːt̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mot⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbᵘɔt̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: mad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /mat̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: mah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /maʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍h
  - Tâi-lô: bua̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boah
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /buaʔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /buaʔ¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /buaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: bua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boat
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /buat̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /buat̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /buat̚¹²¹/

Note:

boa̍h - vernacular;
boa̍t - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhuah⁸ / muag⁸ / muêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bua̍h / mua̍k / mue̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /buaʔ⁴/, /muak̚⁴/, /muek̚⁴/

Note:

bhuah8 - vernacular;
muag8/muêg8 - literary.

Middle Chinese: mat

Rime
Character	沫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫撥切
Baxter	mat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwat̚/
Li Rong	/muɑt̚/
Wang Li	/muɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤat/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ mat ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁat/
English	foam, spittle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沫
Reading #	1/1
No.	9233
Phonetic component	末
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	末
Old Chinese	/*maːd/

Definitions

沫

froth; foam; bubbles; suds
saliva
(literary) to stop

Compounds

以沫相濡
口沫橫飛 / 口沫横飞
吐沫 (tùmò)
唾沫 (tuòmo)
唾沫星子 (tuòmo xīngzi)
唾沫直嚥 / 唾沫直咽
水沫
泡沫 (pàomò)
泡沫劑 / 泡沫剂
泡沫塑膠 / 泡沫塑胶
泡沫橡膠 / 泡沫橡胶
泡沫水泥
泡沫浴
泡沫玻璃
泡沫紅茶 / 泡沫红茶
泡沫經濟 / 泡沫经济 (pàomò jīngjì)
泡沫車 / 泡沫车
泡沫髮膠 / 泡沫发胶
沫雨
流沫
涎沫 (xiánmò)
海沫
涸鱗濡沫 / 涸鳞濡沫
濡沫涸轍 / 濡沫涸辙
煦沫
白沫 (báimò)
相濡以沫 (xiāngrúyǐmò)
肉沫
飛沫 / 飞沫 (fēimò)
飛沫傳染 / 飞沫传染

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		沫
alternative forms		垡粕渤𨑾

Probably from a Mon-Khmer substrate; compare Vietnamese bọt (“foam; froth”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Mizo phûl (“scum; froth; foam”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Eastern Min (BUC): puŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phe̍h / phe̍rh / phoe̍h / phe

(Teochew, Peng'im): puêh⁸

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuoʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe̍h
  - Tâi-lô: phe̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pheh
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰeʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe̍rh
  - Tâi-lô: phe̍rh
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰəʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoe̍h
  - Tâi-lô: phue̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoeh
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰueʔ⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰueʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
  - Tâi-lô: phe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phef
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: puêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phue̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰueʔ⁴/

Definitions

沫

(Min) scum; froth

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		沫

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): boah

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boah
  - Tâi-lô: buah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boaq
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /buaʔ³²/

Definitions

沫

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) full to the brim (of liquid in a container)

Japanese

Kanji

沫

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

splash
suds

Readings

Go-on: まち (machi)、まつ (matsu)
Kan-on: ばつ (batsu)
Kun: あわ (awa, 沫)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
沫
あわ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 沫 – see the following entry.

【泡あわ】S

[noun] bubble

[noun] foam, head on carbonated beverages such as beer

(This term, 沫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

“^▲沫”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [말]

Hanja

沫 (eum 말 (mal))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

백말 (白沫, baengmal)
포말 (泡沫, pomal)

Vietnamese

Han character

沫: Hán Việt readings: mạt^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
沫: Nôm readings: mát^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], mướt^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], mớt^[4]^[5]^[6], mác^[1], mắt^[1], mượt^[3], mợt^[5]

chữ Nôm form of mác (“used in man mác (“vast and wide”)”)
chữ Nôm form of mát (“cool”)
chữ Nôm form of mướt
1. to sweat profusely, to perspire abundantly
2. used in lướt mướt (“soaking wet”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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