殉難

See also: 殉难

Chinese

		buried with dead; die for a cause	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (殉難)		殉	難
simp. (殉难)		殉	难

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xùnnàn

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄋㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seon¹ naan⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): sŭng-nâng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song⁴ nang⁵ / suong⁴ nang⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sūn-lān / sûn-lān

(Teochew, Peng'im): sung⁵ lang⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xùnnàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄋㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syùnnàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsün⁴-nan⁴
  - Yale: syùn-nàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunnnann
  - Palladius: сюньнань (sjunʹnanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ nän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: seon¹ naan⁶
  - Yale: sēun naahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soen¹ naan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sên¹ nan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn⁵⁵ naːn²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭng-nâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ nˡɑŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: song⁴ nang⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo̍ng-nāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔŋ⁴² naŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: suong⁴ nang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoŋ⁴² naŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sūn-lān
  - Tâi-lô: sūn-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suxnlan
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sun³³⁻¹¹ lan³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun³³⁻²¹ lan³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹⁻²² lan⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²²⁻²¹ lan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn-lān
  - Tâi-lô: sûn-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sunlan
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴⁻¹¹ lan³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³⁻³³ lan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sung⁵ lang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng lāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ¹¹/

Verb

殉難

to sacrifice one's life for country, community, religion etc.; to die for a just cause

Japanese

Kanji in this term
殉	難
じゅん Grade: S	なん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
殉難 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨ̃nːã̠ɴ]

Noun

殉(じゅん)難(なん) • (junnan)

martyrdom

Verb

殉(じゅん)難(なん)する • (junnan suru) intransitive suru (stem 殉(じゅん)難(なん)し (junnan shi), past 殉(じゅん)難(なん)した (junnan shita))

sacrifice one's own life for country, community, religion, etc.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "殉難する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	殉難し	じゅんなんし	junnan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	殉難し	じゅんなんし	junnan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	殉難する	じゅんなんする	junnan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	殉難する	じゅんなんする	junnan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	殉難すれ	じゅんなんすれ	junnan sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	殉難せよ¹ 殉難しろ²	じゅんなんせよ¹ じゅんなんしろ²	junnan seyo¹ junnan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	殉難される	じゅんなんされる	junnan sareru
Causative	殉難させる殉難さす	じゅんなんさせるじゅんなんさす	junnan saseru junnan sasu
Potential	殉難できる	じゅんなんできる	junnan dekiru
Volitional	殉難しよう	じゅんなんしよう	junnan shiyō
Negative	殉難しない	じゅんなんしない	junnan shinai
Negative continuative	殉難せず	じゅんなんせず	junnan sezu
Formal	殉難します	じゅんなんします	junnan shimasu
Perfective	殉難した	じゅんなんした	junnan shita
Conjunctive	殉難して	じゅんなんして	junnan shite
Hypothetical conditional	殉難すれば	じゅんなんすれば	junnan sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“殉難”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
殉	難

Noun

殉難 • (sunnan) (hangeul 순난)

hanja form^? of 순난 (“martyrdom”)