欠乏

Chinese

		deficient; owe; to lack deficient; owe; to lack; yawn	short of; tired
simp. and trad. (欠乏)		欠	乏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiànfá

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): him³ fat⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiànfá
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciànfá
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴-fa²
  - Yale: chyàn-fá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannfar
  - Palladius: цяньфа (cjanʹfa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ fä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: him³ fat⁶
  - Yale: him faht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: him³ fat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: him³ fed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³ fɐt̚²/

Verb

欠乏

to lack, to be deficient

Japanese

Kanji in this term
欠	乏
けつ Grade: 4	ぼう Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
缺乏 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けつぼー [kètsúbóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ke̞t͡sɨbo̞ː]

Noun

欠(けつ)乏(ぼう) • (ketsubō) ^{←けつぼふ (ketubofu)^?}

shortage, scarcity

Verb

欠(けつ)乏(ぼう)する • (ketsubō suru) intransitive suru (stem 欠(けつ)乏(ぼう)し (ketsubō shi), past 欠(けつ)乏(ぼう)した (ketsubō shita))

run low, lack, run short
ビタミンC(シー)が欠乏(けつぼう)する
bitamin shī ga ketsubō suru
need more vitamin C

Conjugation

Conjugation of "欠乏する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	欠乏し	けつぼうし	ketsubō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	欠乏し	けつぼうし	ketsubō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	欠乏する	けつぼうする	ketsubō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	欠乏する	けつぼうする	ketsubō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	欠乏すれ	けつぼうすれ	ketsubō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	欠乏せよ¹ 欠乏しろ²	けつぼうせよ¹ けつぼうしろ²	ketsubō seyo¹ ketsubō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	欠乏される	けつぼうされる	ketsubō sareru
Causative	欠乏させる欠乏さす	けつぼうさせるけつぼうさす	ketsubō saseru ketsubō sasu
Potential	欠乏できる	けつぼうできる	ketsubō dekiru
Volitional	欠乏しよう	けつぼうしよう	ketsubō shiyō
Negative	欠乏しない	けつぼうしない	ketsubō shinai
Negative continuative	欠乏せず	けつぼうせず	ketsubō sezu
Formal	欠乏します	けつぼうします	ketsubō shimasu
Perfective	欠乏した	けつぼうした	ketsubō shita
Conjunctive	欠乏して	けつぼうして	ketsubō shite
Hypothetical conditional	欠乏すれば	けつぼうすれば	ketsubō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“欠乏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026