模擬

See also: 模拟

Chinese

	imitate; model; norm imitate; model; norm; pattern	plan to
trad. (模擬)	模	擬
simp. (模拟)	模	拟
alternative forms	摹擬／摹拟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mónǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ ji⁵ / mou⁴ ji⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mù-ngí

(Hailu, HRS): mu ngi^ˊ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bou² gi³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): mô͘-gí / bô͘-gí

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ ngi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mónǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mónǐ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²-ni³
  - Yale: mwó-nǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: monii
  - Palladius: мони (moni)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ ji⁵ / mou⁴ ji⁴
  - Yale: mòuh yíh / mòuh yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ ji⁵ / mou⁴ ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ yi⁵ / mou⁴ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ jiː¹³/, /mou̯²¹ jiː²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    模擬 / 模拟
    無疑 / 无疑
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù-ngí
  - Hakka Romanization System: mu^ˇ ngi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mu² ngi³
  - Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹ ŋi³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: mu ngi^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /mu⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bou² gi³ [Phonetic: bou⁵ gi³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bó-gî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bou² gi³ [Phonetic: bou⁵ gi³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ki³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘-gí
  - Tâi-lô: môo-gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mo'gie
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘-gí
  - Tâi-lô: bôo-gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bo'gie
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵ ngi²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô ngí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵²/

Verb

模擬

(transitive) to imitate; to simulate; to mock
模擬考試／模拟考试 ― mónǐ kǎoshì ― mock test

Synonyms

edit

仿效 (fǎngxiào)
仿照 (fǎngzhào)
摹寫 / 摹写 (móxiě) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
擬 / 拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模效 (móxiào)
臨摹 / 临摹 (línmó) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ) (literary)

Derived terms

模擬器 / 模拟器 (mónǐqì)

Adjective

模擬

(attributive, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, electronics) analog

Synonyms

(Taiwan) 類比／类比 (lèibǐ)

Antonyms

(Mainland China) 數字／数字 (shùzì)
(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore) 數碼／数码 (shùmǎ)
(Taiwan) 數位／数位 (shùwèi)

Derived terms

模擬電視 / 模拟电视 (mónǐ diànshì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
模	擬
も Grade: 6	ぎ Grade: S
goon	kan'on

Alternative spellings
摸擬摹擬

Etymology

模 is a daiyōji replacing 摸.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) もぎ [móꜜgì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [mo̞ɡʲi]

Noun

模(も)擬(ぎ) • (mogi)

imitation, simulation, sham, mock

Derived terms

模(も)擬(ぎ)挙(きょ)式(しき) (mogi kyoshiki)
模(も)擬(ぎ)結(けっ)婚(こん)式(しき) (mogi kekkonshiki)
模(も)擬(ぎ)試(し)験(けん) (mogi shiken)
模(も)擬(ぎ)実(じっ)験(けん) (mogi jikken)
模(も)擬(ぎ)店(てん) (mogiten)
模(も)擬(ぎ)披(ひ)露(ろう)宴(えん) (mogi hirōen)
模(も)擬(ぎ)暴(ぼう)行(こう) (mogi bōkō)

Verb

模(も)擬(ぎ)する • (mogi suru) transitive suru (stem 模(も)擬(ぎ)し (mogi shi), past 模(も)擬(ぎ)した (mogi shita))

to imitate, to simulate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "模擬する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	模擬し	もぎし	mogi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	模擬し	もぎし	mogi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	模擬する	もぎする	mogi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	模擬する	もぎする	mogi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	模擬すれ	もぎすれ	mogi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	模擬せよ¹ 模擬しろ²	もぎせよ¹ もぎしろ²	mogi seyo¹ mogi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	模擬される	もぎされる	mogi sareru
Causative	模擬させる模擬さす	もぎさせるもぎさす	mogi saseru mogi sasu
Potential	模擬できる	もぎできる	mogi dekiru
Volitional	模擬しよう	もぎしよう	mogi shiyō
Negative	模擬しない	もぎしない	mogi shinai
Negative continuative	模擬せず	もぎせず	mogi sezu
Formal	模擬します	もぎします	mogi shimasu
Perfective	模擬した	もぎした	mogi shita
Conjunctive	模擬して	もぎして	mogi shite
Hypothetical conditional	模擬すれば	もぎすれば	mogi sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“模擬”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
模	擬

Noun

模擬 • (moui) (hangeul 모의)

hanja form^? of 모의

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]