栽培

Chinese

		to force; to stick in; to plant	to cultivate; to earth up
simp. and trad. (栽培)		栽	培

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zāipéi

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄞㄆㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹ pui⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châi-phì
Eastern Min (BUC): căi-buòi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chai-pôe

(Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ buê⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zāipéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄞㄆㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zaipéi
  - Wade–Giles: tsai¹-pʻei²
  - Yale: dzāi-péi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaipeir
  - Palladius: цзайпэй (czajpɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoi¹ pui⁴
  - Yale: jōi pùih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹ pui⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹ pui⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi-phì
  - Hakka Romanization System: zai^ˊ pi^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zai¹ pi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴ pʰi¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: căi-buòi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁵ ^(p-)βui⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-pôe
  - Tâi-lô: tsai-puê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zai'poee
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² pue²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³ pue²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² pue¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pue²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pue²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zai¹ buê⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai puê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ pue⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsoj bwoj

Rime
Character	栽	培
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	祖才切	薄回切
Baxter	tsoj	bwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌi/	/buʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səi/	/buoi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒi/	/buɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səj/	/bwəj/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀi/	/buᴀi/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒi/	/buɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆i/	/bʱuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zāi	péi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi¹	pui⁴

Verb

栽培

to cultivate (plants); to grow
to foster (talent); to nurture; to train
to advance someone's career; to patronize

Synonyms

(to cultivate):

培植 (péizhí)
栽
栽植 (zāizhí) (chiefly to transplant)
栽種 / 栽种 (zāizhòng)
植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
樹 / 树 (shù) (obsolete)
盤栽 / 盘栽 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, chiefly to transplant)
移栽 (yízāi) (chiefly to transplant)
種 / 种 (zhòng)
種植 / 种植 (zhòngzhí)
種樹 / 种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)

(to foster):

哺育 (bǔyù)
培 (péi)
培育 (péiyù)
培養 / 培养 (péiyǎng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (栽培):

→ Japanese: 栽培(さいばい) (saibai)
→ Korean: 재배(栽培) (jaebae)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
栽	培
さい Grade: S	ばい Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さいばい [sàíbáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sa̠iba̠i]

Noun

栽(さい)培(ばい) • (saibai)

cultivation, culture

Derived terms

葡萄栽培(ぶどうさいばい) (budō saibai, “viticulture”)

Verb

栽(さい)培(ばい)する • (saibai suru) transitive suru (stem 栽(さい)培(ばい)し (saibai shi), past 栽(さい)培(ばい)した (saibai shita))

cultivate, grow plants
畑(はたけ)で栽培(さいばい)するのが望(のぞ)ましい。
Hatake de saibai suru no ga nozomashii.
It's preferable to grow them in a field.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "栽培する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	栽培し	さいばいし	saibai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	栽培し	さいばいし	saibai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	栽培する	さいばいする	saibai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	栽培する	さいばいする	saibai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	栽培すれ	さいばいすれ	saibai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	栽培せよ¹ 栽培しろ²	さいばいせよ¹ さいばいしろ²	saibai seyo¹ saibai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	栽培される	さいばいされる	saibai sareru
Causative	栽培させる栽培さす	さいばいさせるさいばいさす	saibai saseru saibai sasu
Potential	栽培できる	さいばいできる	saibai dekiru
Volitional	栽培しよう	さいばいしよう	saibai shiyō
Negative	栽培しない	さいばいしない	saibai shinai
Negative continuative	栽培せず	さいばいせず	saibai sezu
Formal	栽培します	さいばいします	saibai shimasu
Perfective	栽培した	さいばいした	saibai shita
Conjunctive	栽培して	さいばいして	saibai shite
Hypothetical conditional	栽培すれば	さいばいすれば	saibai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“栽培”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
栽	培

Noun

栽培 • (jaebae) (hangeul 재배)

hanja form^? of 재배