本性

Chinese

		roots or stems of plants; origin; source roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)	sex; nature; suffix corresponding to ‑ness or ‑ity
simp. and trad. (本性)		本	性

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): běnxìng

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bun² sing³
Gan (Wiktionary): 'biin³ xin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pún-sin

(Hailu, HRS): bun^ˊ sin^ˇ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pún-sèng
Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): bin³ xin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: běnxìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: běnsìng
  - Wade–Giles: pên³-hsing⁴
  - Yale: běn-syìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beenshinq
  - Palladius: бэньсин (bɛnʹsin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bun² sing³
  - Yale: bún sing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bun² sing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bun² xing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'biin³ xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpɨn²¹³⁻¹³ ɕin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pún-sin
  - Hakka Romanization System: bun^ˋ xin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bun³ xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pun³¹ sin⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bun^ˊ sin^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /pun²⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pún-sèng
  - Tâi-lô: pún-sìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pwnsexng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/
Xiang
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: bin³ xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pin³³ ɕin³²⁴/

Middle Chinese: pwonX sjengH

Rime
Character	本	性
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	布忖切	息正切
Baxter	pwonX	sjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puən^X/	/siᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/puon^X/	/siɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/puən^X/	/siæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwən^X/	/siajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/puən^X/	/siɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/puən^X/	/sĭɛŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/puən^X/	/si̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	běn	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun²	sing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.pˤə[n]ʔ seŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯːnʔ sleŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	本	性
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	běn	xìng
Middle Chinese	‹ pwon^X ›	‹ sjeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.pˁə[n]ʔ/	/*seŋ-s/
English	tree trunk	nature
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	本	性
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	473	11358
Phonetic component	本	生
Rime group	文	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	本	性
Old Chinese	/*pɯːnʔ/	/*sleŋs/

Noun

本性

one's inherent nature

Synonyms

edit

天性 (tiānxìng)
常性 (chángxìng)
性地 (xìngdì) (literary or Min Nan)
性子 (xìngzi)
性情 (xìngqíng)
性頭 / 性头 (Puxian Min)
性體 / 性体 (Hakka)
情性 (qíngxìng) (literary)
本質 / 本质 (běnzhì)
氣性 / 气性
率性 (shuàixìng) (literary)
理 (lǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
癖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
癖鼻 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
秉性 (bǐngxìng)
稟性 / 禀性 (bǐngxìng)
稟氣 / 禀气 (bǐngqì) (literary)
素性 (sùxìng)
脾性 (píxìng)
脾氣 / 脾气
腸子 / 肠子 (chángzi) (figurative)
量草 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)

Derived terms

江山易改，本性難移 / 江山易改，本性难移 (jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
本	性
ほん Grade: 1	しょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation 1

(Tokyo) ほんしょー [hóꜜǹshòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Tokyo) ほんしょー [hòńshóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])^[4]
IPA^(key): [hõ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Noun

本(ほん)性(しょう) • (honshō) ^{←ほんしやう (fonsyau)^?}

one's inherent nature

Kanji in this term
本	性
ほん Grade: 1	せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation 2

(Tokyo) ほんせー [hóꜜǹsèè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [hõ̞ɰ̃se̞ː]

Noun

本(ほん)性(せい) • (honsei)

one's inherent nature

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“本性”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
本	性

Noun

本性 • (bonseong) (hangeul 본성)

hanja form^? of 본성 (“one's inherent nature”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
本	性

Noun

本性

chữ Hán form of bản tính (“inherent nature; character”)

[DJR4-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK8-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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