朦朧

See also: 矇矓 and 朦胧

Chinese

	deceive; indistinct	rising moon
trad. (朦朧)	朦	朧
simp. (朦胧)	朦	胧
2nd round simp.	𰰡龙

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ménglóng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mung⁴ lung⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bông-lông
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mon-lon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ménglóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ménglóng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng²-lung²
  - Yale: méng-lúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menglong
  - Palladius: мэнлун (mɛnlun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    朦朧 / 朦胧
    矇矓 / 蒙眬
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mung⁴ lung⁴
  - Yale: mùhng lùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mung⁴ lung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mung⁴ lung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    朦朧 / 朦胧
    矇矓 / 蒙眬
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông-lông
  - Tâi-lô: bông-lông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bongloong
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶mon-lon
  - MiniDict: mon^去 lon
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mon-lon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moŋ²² loŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: muwng luwng

Rime
Character	朦	朧
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫紅切	盧紅切
Baxter	muwng	luwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muŋ/	/luŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/muŋ/	/luŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/muŋ/	/luŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwŋ/	/ləwŋ/
Li Rong	/muŋ/	/luŋ/
Wang Li	/muŋ/	/luŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muŋ/	/luŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	méng	lóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mung⁴	lung⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*moːŋ roːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朦	朧
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	8973	8414
Phonetic component	冡	龍
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	蒙	籠
Old Chinese	/*moːŋ/	/*roːŋ/

Adjective

朦朧

Synonyms

(dim): (literary) 曚曨／曚昽 (ménglóng)
(indistinct):

edit

不清 (bùqīng)
低迷 (dīmí)
依稀 (yīxī)
含混 (hánhùn)
含糊
微茫 (wēimáng) (formal)
恍惚 (huǎnghū)
模稜 / 模棱 (móléng)
模糊
淡漠 (dànmò)
約略 / 约略 (yuēlüè)
迷離 / 迷离 (mílí) (literary)
隱約 / 隐约 (yǐnyuē)
隱隱 / 隐隐 (yǐnyǐn)

(confused): 糊塗／糊涂 (hútu), 迷糊 (míhu), 迷濛／迷蒙 (míméng), 智惛 (zhìhūn), 懵懂 (měngdǒng)

Derived terms

朦朧保舉 / 朦胧保举
朦朧恍惚 / 朦胧恍惚
朦朧朦朧 / 朦胧朦胧
醉眼朦朧 / 醉眼朦胧

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朦朧):

→ Japanese: 朦朧(もうろう) (mōrō)
→ Korean: 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)
→ Vietnamese: mông lung (朦朧)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
朦	朧
もう Hyōgai	ろう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) もーろー [mòóróó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mo̞ːɾo̞ː]

Adjective

朦(もう)朧(ろう) • (mōrō) ^†-tari (adnominal 朦(もう)朧(ろう)とした (mōrō to shita) or 朦(もう)朧(ろう)たる (mōrō taru), adverbial 朦(もう)朧(ろう)と (mōrō to) or 朦(もう)朧(ろう)として (mōrō to shite))

faint, dim, obscure (not clearly visible)
vague (not clearly expressed)
hazy (in an impaired mental state)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "朦朧たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	朦朧たら	もうろうたら	mouroutara
Continuative (連用形)	朦朧と^[1] 朦朧たり^[2]	もうろうともうろうたり	mourouto mouroutari
Terminal (終止形)	朦朧たり	もうろうたり	mouroutari
Attributive (連体形)	朦朧たる	もうろうたる	mouroutaru
Realis (已然形)	朦朧たれ	もうろうたれ	mouroutare
Imperative (命令形)	朦朧たれ	もうろうたれ	mouroutare
Key constructions
Negative	朦朧たらず	もうろうたらず	mouroutarazu
Contrasting conjunction	朦朧たれど	もうろうたれど	mouroutaredo
Causal conjunction	朦朧たれば	もうろうたれば	mouroutareba
Conditional conjunction	朦朧たらば	もうろうたらば	mouroutaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	朦朧たりき	もうろうたりき	mouroutariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	朦朧たりけり	もうろうたりけり	mouroutarikeri
Adverbial	朦朧と	もうろうと	mourouto

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Derived terms

朦朧体(もうろうたい) (mōrōtai)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲朦^▲朧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
朦	朧

Root

朦朧 • (mongnong) (hangeul 몽롱)

hanja form^? of 몽롱

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
朦	朧

Adjective

朦朧

chữ Hán form of mông lung (“vague, uncertain, confused”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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