揺れる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 揺 |
| ゆ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 搖れる (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
Derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) intransitive form of classical Japanese verb 揺る (yuru), itself from Old Japanese.[1][2][3]
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 揺る entry.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 揺れる
| Plain | 揺れる | ゆれる | [yùrérú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 揺れて | ゆれて | [yùrété] |
| Perfective | 揺れた | ゆれた | [yùrétá] |
| Negative | 揺れない | ゆれない | [yùrénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 揺れなかった | ゆれなかった | [yùrénáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺れれば | ゆれれば | [yùréréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 揺れたら | ゆれたら | [yùrétáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 揺れろ 揺れよ |
ゆれろ ゆれよ |
[yùréró] [yùréꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 揺れよう | ゆれよー | [yùréyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 揺れたい | ゆれたい | [yùrétáí] |
| Formal | 揺れます | ゆれます | [yùrémáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 揺れません | ゆれません | [yùrémáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 揺れましょう | ゆれましょー | [yùrémáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 揺れました | ゆれました | [yùrémáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 揺れ 揺れに |
ゆれ ゆれに |
[yùré] [yùré ní] |
| Negative continuative | 揺れず 揺れずに |
ゆれず ゆれずに |
[yùrézú] [yùrézú ní] |
| Passive | 揺れられる | ゆれられる | [yùrérárérú] |
| Causative | 揺れさせる 揺れさす |
ゆれさせる ゆれさす |
[yùrésásérú] [yùrésású] |
| Potential | 揺れられる 揺れれる |
ゆれられる ゆれれる |
[yùrérárérú] [yùrérérú] |
Verb
揺れる • (yureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 揺れ (yure), past 揺れた (yureta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 揺らす |
| mediopassive | 揺れる |
- to shake, to quake, to sway back and forth
- to pitch, to roll, to rock, to toss about (such as a ship on rough seas)
- to jolt or joggle (such as a vehicle)
- to swing back and forth (such as something suspended or hanging)
- to flicker, to waver (such as a flame)
- to tremble, to vibrate
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺れれ | ゆれれ | yurere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺れよ¹ 揺れろ² |
ゆれよ¹ ゆれろ² |
yureyo¹ yurero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 揺れられる | ゆれられる | yurerareru |
| Causative | 揺れさせる 揺れさす |
ゆれさせる ゆれさす |
yuresaseru yuresasu |
| Potential | 揺れられる 揺れれる³ |
ゆれられる ゆれれる³ |
yurerareru yurereru³ |
| Volitional | 揺れよう | ゆれよう | yureyō |
| Negative | 揺れない 揺れぬ 揺れん |
ゆれない ゆれぬ ゆれん |
yurenai yurenu yuren |
| Negative continuative | 揺れず | ゆれず | yurezu |
| Formal | 揺れます | ゆれます | yuremasu |
| Perfective | 揺れた | ゆれた | yureta |
| Conjunctive | 揺れて | ゆれて | yurete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺れれば | ゆれれば | yurereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Derived terms
- 揺れ (yure): shaking, swaying, quaking, pitching, rolling, etc. (the noun form of all the above verb senses)
Related terms
- 揺らす (yurasu): to make something shake, quake, sway, pitch, roll, etc. (the transitive or causative form of all the above verb senses)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- “揺れる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026