憩う
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 憩 |
| いこ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 息う |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Ryōiki (810-824). Also cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720,[1] however, that may only be traceable to supplemental glosses added later to the kanbun original. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *yukəpu.
Considering the senses, and that the alternative kanji spelling with 息 was used for the Nihon Shoki kana gloss attestation, the term is likely derived from, or otherwise related to, 息 (iki, “breath, breathing”).
Pronunciation
Verb
憩う • (ikou) ←いこふ (ikofu)?intransitive godan (stem 憩い (ikoi), past 憩った (ikotta))
- [from early 800s] to take a breather, to rest, to repose
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 憩わ | いこわ | ikowa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 憩い | いこい | ikoi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 憩う | いこう | ikou |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 憩う | いこう | ikou |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 憩え | いこえ | ikoe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 憩え | いこえ | ikoe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 憩われる | いこわれる | ikowareru |
| Causative | 憩わせる 憩わす |
いこわせる いこわす |
ikowaseru ikowasu |
| Potential | 憩える | いこえる | ikoeru |
| Volitional | 憩おう | いこおう | ikoō |
| Negative | 憩わない | いこわない | ikowanai |
| Negative continuative | 憩わず | いこわず | ikowazu |
| Formal | 憩います | いこいます | ikoimasu |
| Perfective | 憩った | いこった | ikotta |
| Conjunctive | 憩って | いこって | ikotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 憩えば | いこえば | ikoeba |
Verb
憩う • (ikou) ←いこふ (ikofu)?transitive †yodan
- [883 – ???] (Classical Japanese, archaic, possibly obsolete) to give someone a break, to make someone rest
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 憩は | いこは | ikofa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 憩ひ | いこひ | ikofi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 憩ふ | いこふ | ikofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 憩ふ | いこふ | ikofu |
| Realis (已然形) | 憩へ | いこへ | ikofe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 憩へ | いこへ | ikofe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 憩はず | いこはず | ikofazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 憩へど | いこへど | ikofedo |
| Causal conjunction | 憩へば | いこへば | ikofeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 憩はば | いこはば | ikofaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 憩ひき | いこひき | ikofiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 憩ひけり | いこひけり | ikofikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 憩ひつ | いこひつ | ikofitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 憩ひぬ | いこひぬ | ikofinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 憩へり 憩ひたり |
いこへり いこひたり |
ikoferi ikofitari |
| Volitional | 憩はむ | いこはむ | ikofamu |
Verb
憩う • (ikou) ←いこふ (ikofu)?transitive †nidan
- [720 – ???] (Classical Japanese, archaic, possibly obsolete) to give someone a break, to make someone rest
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 憩へ | いこへ | ikofe |
| Continuative (連用形) | 憩へ | いこへ | ikofe |
| Terminal (終止形) | 憩ふ | いこふ | ikofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 憩ふる | いこふる | ikofuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 憩ふれ | いこふれ | ikofure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 憩へよ | いこへよ | ikofeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 憩へず | いこへず | ikofezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 憩ふれど | いこふれど | ikofuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 憩ふれば | いこふれば | ikofureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 憩へば | いこへば | ikofeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 憩へき | いこへき | ikofeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 憩へけり | いこへけり | ikofekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 憩へつ | いこへつ | ikofetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 憩へぬ | いこへぬ | ikofenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 憩へたり | いこへたり | ikofetari |
| Volitional | 憩へむ | いこへむ | ikofemu |
References
- ^ “憩・息”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “憩う”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026