悲嘆

See also: 悲叹

Chinese

		sad; sadness; sorrow sad; sadness; sorrow; grief	to sigh
trad. (悲嘆/悲歎)		悲	嘆/歎
simp. (悲叹)		悲	叹

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bēitàn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟㄊㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹ taan³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî-than
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pi-thàn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bēitàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟㄊㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: beitàn
  - Wade–Giles: pei¹-tʻan⁴
  - Yale: bēi-tàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beitann
  - Palladius: бэйтань (bɛjtanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei¹ taan³
  - Yale: bēi taan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹ taan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi¹ tan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵ tʰaːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî-than
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˊ tan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹ tan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰan⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-thàn
  - Tâi-lô: pi-thàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pi'taxn
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³ tʰan⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan²¹/

Verb

悲嘆

to bewail; to lament; to sigh mournfully

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悲	嘆
ひ Grade: 3	たん Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spellings
悲嘆 (kyūjitai) 悲歎

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひたん [hìtáń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [çi̥tã̠ɴ]

Noun

悲(ひ)嘆(たん) • (hitan)

grief

Verb

悲(ひ)嘆(たん)する • (hitan suru) suru (stem 悲(ひ)嘆(たん)し (hitan shi), past 悲(ひ)嘆(たん)した (hitan shita))

grieve, lament

Conjugation

Conjugation of "悲嘆する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	悲嘆し	ひたんし	hitan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	悲嘆し	ひたんし	hitan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	悲嘆する	ひたんする	hitan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	悲嘆する	ひたんする	hitan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	悲嘆すれ	ひたんすれ	hitan sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	悲嘆せよ¹ 悲嘆しろ²	ひたんせよ¹ ひたんしろ²	hitan seyo¹ hitan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	悲嘆される	ひたんされる	hitan sareru
Causative	悲嘆させる悲嘆さす	ひたんさせるひたんさす	hitan saseru hitan sasu
Potential	悲嘆できる	ひたんできる	hitan dekiru
Volitional	悲嘆しよう	ひたんしよう	hitan shiyō
Negative	悲嘆しない	ひたんしない	hitan shinai
Negative continuative	悲嘆せず	ひたんせず	hitan sezu
Formal	悲嘆します	ひたんします	hitan shimasu
Perfective	悲嘆した	ひたんした	hitan shita
Conjunctive	悲嘆して	ひたんして	hitan shite
Hypothetical conditional	悲嘆すれば	ひたんすれば	hitan sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“悲嘆”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026