尽きる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 尽 |
| つ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 盡きる (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
From Old Japanese tuki2. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, spelled phonetically in man'yōgana as 都奇,[1] and in the Nihonshoki kayō (completed 720 CE) under the phonetic man'yōgana 豆紀.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 尽きる
| Plain | 尽きる | つきる | [tsùkíꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 尽きて | つきて | [tsúꜜkìtè] |
| Perfective | 尽きた | つきた | [tsúꜜkìtà] |
| Negative | 尽きない | つきない | [tsùkíꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 尽きなかった | つきなかった | [tsùkíꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尽きれば | つきれば | [tsùkíꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 尽きたら | つきたら | [tsúꜜkìtàrà] |
| Imperative | 尽きろ 尽きよ |
つきろ つきよ |
[tsùkíꜜrò] [tsùkíꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 尽きよう | つきよー | [tsùkíyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 尽きたい | つきたい | [tsùkítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 尽きます | つきます | [tsùkímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 尽きません | つきません | [tsùkímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 尽きましょう | つきましょー | [tsùkímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 尽きました | つきました | [tsùkímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 尽き 尽きに |
つき つきに |
[tsúꜜkì] [tsúꜜkì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 尽きず 尽きずに |
つきず つきずに |
[tsùkíꜜzù] [tsùkíꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 尽きられる | つきられる | [tsùkíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 尽きさせる 尽きさす |
つきさせる つきさす |
[tsùkísáséꜜrù] [tsùkísáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 尽きられる 尽きれる |
つきられる つきれる |
[tsùkíráréꜜrù] [tsùkíréꜜrù] |
Verb
尽きる • (tsukiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 尽き (tsuki), past 尽きた (tsukita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 尽くす |
| mediopassive | 尽きる |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 尽かす |
| mediopassive | 尽きる |
- to be used up; to be exhausted; to run out; to become depleted
- 1914, 夏目漱石 [Natsume Sōseki], chapter 50, in こゝろ [Kokoro], 下 先生と遺書 [Sensei's Testament]:
- その時Ｋの洋燈に油が尽きたと見えて、室の中はほとんど真暗でした。
- Sono toki Kei no ranpu ni abura ga tsukita to miete, heya no naka wa hotondo makkura deshita.
- By then it appeared the oil in K's lamp had depleted, and the room was in near complete darkness.
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 尽き | つき | tsuki |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 尽き | つき | tsuki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 尽きる | つきる | tsukiru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 尽きる | つきる | tsukiru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 尽きれ | つきれ | tsukire |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 尽きよ¹ 尽きろ² |
つきよ¹ つきろ² |
tsukiyo¹ tsukiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 尽きられる | つきられる | tsukirareru |
| Causative | 尽きさせる 尽きさす |
つきさせる つきさす |
tsukisaseru tsukisasu |
| Potential | 尽きられる 尽きれる³ |
つきられる つきれる³ |
tsukirareru tsukireru³ |
| Volitional | 尽きよう | つきよう | tsukiyō |
| Negative | 尽きない 尽きぬ 尽きん |
つきない つきぬ つきん |
tsukinai tsukinu tsukin |
| Negative continuative | 尽きず | つきず | tsukizu |
| Formal | 尽きます | つきます | tsukimasu |
| Perfective | 尽きた | つきた | tsukita |
| Conjunctive | 尽きて | つきて | tsukite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尽きれば | つきれば | tsukireba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 尽き | つき | tuki |
| Continuative (連用形) | 尽き | つき | tuki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 尽く | つく | tuku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 尽くる | つくる | tukuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 尽くれ | つくれ | tukure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 尽きよ | つきよ | tukiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 尽きず | つきず | tukizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 尽くれど | つくれど | tukuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 尽くれば | つくれば | tukureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 尽きば | つきば | tukiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 尽きき | つきき | tukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 尽きけり | つきけり | tukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 尽きつ | つきつ | tukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 尽きぬ | つきぬ | tukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 尽きたり | つきたり | tukitari |
| Volitional | 尽きむ | つきむ | tukimu |
References
- ^ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4458:
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “尽きる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026