封じる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
封
ふう Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

Shift from verb 封(ふう)ずる (fūzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふうじる [fùújírú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) ふうじる [fùújíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ːʑiɾɯ̟]

Verb

封(ふう)じる • (fūjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 封(ふう)じ (fūji), past 封(ふう)じた (fūjita))

to seal (a letter)
- 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
  
  手(て)紙(がみ)を封(ふう)じる
  tegami o fūjiru
  to seal a letter
to prevent, to forbid, to block
- 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
  
  敵(てき)の攻撃(こうげき)はこれで完全(かんぜん)に封(ふう)じられた!
  teki no kōgeki wa korede kanzen ni fūjirareta !
  This should entirely prevent the enemy's attack!

Conjugation

Conjugation of "封じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	封じ	ふうじ	fūji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	封じ	ふうじ	fūji
Shūshikei ("terminal")	封じる	ふうじる	fūjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	封じる	ふうじる	fūjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	封じれ	ふうじれ	fūjire
Meireikei ("imperative")	封じよ¹ 封じろ²	ふうじよ¹ ふうじろ²	fūjiyo¹ fūjiro²
Key constructions
Passive	封じられる	ふうじられる	fūjirareru
Causative	封じさせる封じさす	ふうじさせるふうじさす	fūjisaseru fūjisasu
Potential	封じられる封じれる³	ふうじられるふうじれる³	fūjirareru fūjireru³
Volitional	封じよう	ふうじよう	fūjiyō
Negative	封じない封じぬ封じん	ふうじないふうじぬふうじん	fūjinai fūjinu fūjin
Negative continuative	封じず	ふうじず	fūjizu
Formal	封じます	ふうじます	fūjimasu
Perfective	封じた	ふうじた	fūjita
Conjunctive	封じて	ふうじて	fūjite
Hypothetical conditional	封じれば	ふうじれば	fūjireba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“封じる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[NHK-1] 1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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