孤児

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
孤 児
こ
Grade: S 		じ
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
孤兒 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 孤兒 (MC ku nye|ngej).

Pronunciation

Noun

孤(こ)児(じ) • (koji) 

  1. an orphan
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
孤 児
みなしご
Grade: S Grade: 4
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
孤兒 (kyūjitai)
みなし児
身無し子
孤

⟨mi₂nasigo₁⟩ → */mɨnasiᵑɡo/ → /minaɕiɡo/

身(み) (mi, “identity, family”) + 無(な)し (nashi, “none, without”) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”).[2] The ko changes to go as an instance of rendaku (連(れん)濁(だく)). The spelling is jukujikun (熟(じゅく)字(じ)訓(くん)).

First attested in Shōsōin documents from 702 in the name 巳奈志児刀良売 (mi₂nasigo₁-to₁ra-me₁).[3][4]

Pronunciation

  • (Kyōto) みなし​ご [mínáshíꜜgò] (Kōki)[3]
  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).

Noun

孤児(みなしご) • (minashigo) 

  1. an orphan
Derived terms
  • 孤児(みなしご)薬(やく) (minashigo yaku): an orphan drug

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 “みなし‐ご 【孤・孤児】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  4. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967), 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 712
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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