奄
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Translingual
Han character
奄 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大中田山 (KLWU), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱大电(GTJKV) or ⿱大⿻日㇄(T))
Derived characters
- 俺, 唵, 埯, 㛪, 崦, 㡋, 𢔂, 㤿, 掩, 淹, 晻, 㭺, 殗, 㷈, 䄋, 腌, 㽢, 䁆, 硽, 䅖, 裺, 䎨, 䛳, 醃, 䤶, 餣, 馣, 黤, 㞄, 剦, 䣍, 㪑, 鵪 (鹌), 奙, 菴, 罨, 閹 (阉), 庵, 痷, 匎
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 250, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5881
- Dae Jaweon: page 510, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 534, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5944
Chinese
| trad. | 奄 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 奄 | |
| alternative forms | 闇／暗 suddenly | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 奄 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (奄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Chen (2021): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qromʔ): abbreviated semantic 盍 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb)[1] — original form of 掩 (OC *qromʔ, “to cover”).
Shuowen: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
- Wade–Giles: yen3
- Yale: yǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim2
- Yale: yím
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim2
- Guangdong Romanization: yim2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
- Tâi-lô: iám
- Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iam⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iam⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: 'jemX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)omʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/
Definitions
奄
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover; to surround; to include
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily
Compounds
- 奄忽
- 奄息
- 奄欻
- 奄然
- 奄然而逝
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
- Wade–Giles: yen3
- Yale: yǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yān
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yan
- Wade–Giles: yen1
- Yale: yān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim1
- Yale: yīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim1
- Guangdong Romanization: yim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
- Tâi-lô: iám
- Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
- Tâi-lô: iam
- Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am
- Tâi-lô: am
- Phofsit Daibuun: afm
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Definitions
奄
Compounds
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yān
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yan
- Wade–Giles: yen1
- Yale: yān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim1
- Yale: yīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim1
- Guangdong Romanization: yim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
奄
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 閹 / 阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”)
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)
Compounds
- 奄尹
- 奄人 (yānrén)
- 奄宦
- 奄留
- 奄豎 / 奄竖
References
- ^ 陳剣 「説“規”等字並論一些特別的形声字意符」 『源遠流長――漢字国際学術検討会暨AEARU第三届漢字文化検討会論文集』 楊栄祥、胡勅瑞主編、北京大学出版社、2017年、10-12頁。
Japanese
Kanji
奄
Readings
- Go-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kan-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kun: おおう (ōu, 奄う)←おほふ (ofofu, 奄ふ, historical)、たちまち (tachimachi, 奄ち)、ふさがる (fusagaru, 奄がる)
- Nanori: あま (ama)
Korean
Hanja
奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
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Vietnamese
Han character
奄: Hán Nôm readings: yêm, yểm, ăm, im, em
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